Geomagnetic Field Models for Ray Tracing


Book Description

An accurate geomagnetic-field model, consisting of the dipole plus seven higher-order harmonics in dipolar coordinates, is incorporated into a computer program for three-dimensional ray tracing. Three options of using magnetic-field models are provided: (1) using accurate field in computing both the ray trajectory and the propagation-aspect angle between the geomagnetic-field vector and the wave-normal vector associated with each point along the ray; (2) using the dipole field for computing rays but using the accurate field for computing aspect angles; (3) using the dipole field for both the rays and aspect angles. Comparisons are made among the results computed, using the three options, in the HF band for a nighttime polar ionosphere and for a noontime equatorial ionosphere. Typical differences of few to ten degrees occur in the aspect angle, for aspect angles near 90 degrees -- the value under which geomagnetic-field-aligned ionization, if present, would give rise to maximum backscatter of HF waves and thus cause clutter in Over-the-Horizon radars. (Author).




Annals of the International Geophysical Year


Book Description

Annals of the International Geophysical Year, Volume 48: Bibliography and Index contains bibliography of articles published in connection with the International Geophysical Year (IGY). The preparatory and operational phases of the IGY occupied nearly a decade and the data accumulated in the many scientific disciplines by workers in some 67 countries will provide material for publication for many years. The references have been assembled from information supplied by a wide variety of sources. These references have been grouped into 21 sections, of which Sections I-XIV followed the discipline grouping adopted during the IGY. Within each section references have been arranged in alphabetical order according to the name of the principal author. Anonymous articles are listed at the end of each section, again arranged in alphabetical order by title. In the scientific literature, author's names originally printed in Cyrillic symbols sometimes appear with several different spellings because of the use of different transliteration systems. In the present Bibliography an attempt has been made to achieve consistency by using the same transliteration system throughout. This book will prove useful to geophysicists and researchers who are interested in the accomplishments of the International Geophysical Year.













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Annual Report


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