Adjective Classes


Book Description

This book shows that every language has an adjective class and how such classes vary. Thirteen scholars report original research on languages from North, Central and South America, Europe, Africa, Asia and the Pacific. The book throws new light on the nature and classification of adjectives and redefines the cross-linguistic parameters of their variation.




Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary


Book Description

The Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary is the ideal dictionary for advanced EFL/ESL learners. Easy to use and with a great CD-ROM - the perfect learner's dictionary for exam success. First published as the Cambridge International Dictionary of English, this new edition has been completely updated and redesigned. - References to over 170,000 words, phrases and examples explained in clear and natural English - All the important new words that have come into the language (e.g. dirty bomb, lairy, 9/11, clickable) - Over 200 'Common Learner Error' notes, based on the Cambridge Learner Corpus from Cambridge ESOL exams Plus, on the CD-ROM: - SMART thesaurus - lets you find all the words with the same meaning - QUICKfind - automatically looks up words while you are working on-screen - SUPERwrite - tools for advanced writing, giving help with grammar and collocation - Hear and practise all the words.




Basic Linguistic Theory Volume 2


Book Description

In Basic Linguistic Theory R. M. W. Dixon provides a comprehensive guide to the nature of human languages and their description and analysis. The books are a one-stop text for undergraduate and graduate students, the triumphant outcome of a lifetime's immersion in every aspect of language, and a lasting monument to innovative scholarship.




The Adjectival Category


Book Description

This monograph sets out (i) to establish criteria for differentiating adjectives from other word-classes for languages in which they form a distinct category, and (ii) to establish criteria for determining their (non-)identity with words from other categories for languages in which they do not. As languages show various gradations in the extent to which adjectives can be distinguished from other word-classes, the author discusses idealized language types, thereby providing a model for the analysis of natural languages.The book argues that adjectives do not uniformly show all differentiating characteristics and that these characteristics are semantically relevant and functionally motivated: for instance, when word-classes are used in functions not their own, they manifest characteristics of the categories to which the relevant functions belong.The second part of the book discusses three distinct idealized languages types without a distinct adjectival category in which “property words” remain undifferentiated from (i) nouns, (ii) verbs, and (iii) nouns as well as verbs. These three types are shwon to represent gradations of distinctions between word-classes as they occur in natural languages and to manifest various degrees of the corresponding functional neutralizations.In the final chapter the wider theoretical implications of this work for the study of categories are discussed.




Morphologie


Book Description

This series of HANDBOOKS OF LINGUISTICS AND COMMUNICATION SCIENCE is designed to illuminate a field which not only includes general linguistics and the study of linguistics as applied to specific languages, but also covers those more recent areas which have developed from the increasing body of research into the manifold forms of communicative action and interaction. For "classic" linguistics there appears to be a need for a review of the state of the art which will provide a reference base for the rapid advances in research undertaken from a variety of theoretical standpoints, while in the more recent branches of communication science the handbooks will give researchers both an verview and orientation. To attain these objectives, the series will aim for a standard comparable to that of the leading handbooks in other disciplines, and to this end will strive for comprehensiveness, theoretical explicitness, reliable documentation of data and findings, and up-to-date methodology. The editors, both of the series and of the individual volumes, and the individual contributors, are committed to this aim. The languages of publication are English, German, and French. The main aim of the series is to provide an appropriate account of the state of the art in the various areas of linguistics and communication science covered by each of the various handbooks; however no inflexible pre-set limits will be imposed on the scope of each volume. The series is open-ended, and can thus take account of further developments in the field. This conception, coupled with the necessity of allowing adequate time for each volume to be prepared with the necessary care, means that there is no set time-table for the publication of the whole series. Each volume will be a self-contained work, complete in itself. The order in which the handbooks are published does not imply any rank ordering, but is determined by the way in which the series is organized; the editor of the whole series enlist a competent editor for each individual volume. Once the principal editor for a volume has been found, he or she then has a completely free hand in the choice of co-editors and contributors. The editors plan each volume independently of the others, being governed only by general formal principles. The series editor only intervene where questions of delineation between individual volumes are concerned. It is felt that this (modus operandi) is best suited to achieving the objectives of the series, namely to give a competent account of the present state of knowledge and of the perception of the problems in the area covered by each volume.




Noun Phrases in Australian Languages


Book Description

This book presents a first comprehensive typological analysis of noun phrases in Australian languages, covering the domains of classification, qualification, quantification, determination and constituency. The analysis is based on a representative sample of 100 languages. Among other points, the results call into question the classic idea that Australian languages tend to lack phrasal structures in the nominal domain, with over two thirds of the languages showing evidence for phrasehood. Moreover, it is argued that it may be more interesting to typologise languages on the basis of where and how they allow phrasal structure, rather than on the basis of a yes-no answer to the question of constituency. The analysis also shows that a determiner slot can be identified in about half of the languages, even though they generally lack 'classic' determiner features like obligatory use in particular contexts or a restriction to one determiner per NP. Special attention is given to elements, which can be used both inside and beyond determiner slots, demonstrating how part of speech and functional structure do not always align. The book is of interest to researchers documenting Australian languages, as well as to typologists and theorists.




Dotawo: a Journal of Nubian Studies


Book Description

Dotawo: A Journal of Nubian Studies offers a multi-disciplinary, diachronic view of all aspects of Nubian civilization. It brings to Nubian studies a new approach to scholarly knowledge: an open-access collaboration with DigitalCommons@Fairfield, an institutional repository of Fairfield University in Connecticut, USA, and open-access publishing house punctum books. The first two volumes of Dotawo have their origins in a Nubian language panel organized by Angelika Jakobi within the Nilo-Saharan Linguistics Colloquium held at the University of Cologne, May 22 to 24, 2013. Since many invited participants from Sudan were unable to get visas due to the shutdown of the German Embassy in Khartoum at that time, the Fritz Thyssen Foundation funded the organization of a second venue of specialists on modern Nubian languages. This so-called "Nubian Panel 2" was hosted by the Institute of African & Asian Studies at the University of Khartoum on September 18 and 19, 2013. This volume publishes the proceedings of that panel.Future volumes will address three more themes: 1) Nubian women; 2) Nubian place names; 3) and know-how and techniques in ancient Sudan. The calls for papers for the first two volumes may be found on the back of this volume. The third volume is already in preparation with the assistance of Marc Maillot of the Section française de la direction des Antiquités du Soudan, Department of Archeology. We welcome proposals for additional themed volumes, and invite individual submissions on any topic relevant to Nubian studies.TABLE OF CONTENTS // Vincent W.J. van Gerven Oei, "Old Nubian Relative Clauses" -- Mohamed K. Khalil, "The Verbal Plural Marker in Nobiin (Nile Nubian)" -- Angelika Jakobi and El-Shafie El-Guzuuli,"Relative Clauses in Andaandi (Nile Nubian)" -- El-Shafie El-Guzuuli, "The Uses and Orthography of the Verb "Say" in Andaandi (Nile Nubian)" -- Ahmed Sokarno Abdel-Hafiz, "Focus Constructions in Kunuz Nubian" -- Abeer Bashir, "Address and Reference Terms in Midob (Darfur Nubian)" -- Waleed Alshareef, "The Consonant System of Abu Jinuk (Kordofan Nubian)" -- Gumma Ibrahim Gulfan,"Possessor Ascension in Taglennaa (Kordofan Nubian)" -- Ali Ibrahim and Angelika Jakobi,"Attributive Modifiers in Taglennaa (Kordofan Nubian)" -- Thomas Kuku Alaki and Russell Norton,"Kadaru-Kurtala Phonemes" -- Khaleel Ismail, "Tabaq Kinship Terms" -- Khalifa Jabreldar Khalifa,"An Initial Report on Tabaq Knowledge and Proficiency" -- Angelika Jakobi and Ahmed Hamdan,"Number Marking on Karko Nouns" -- Grzegorz Ochała and Giovanni Ruffini, "Nubische Berichtigungsliste (1)"










Adjective Adverb Interfaces in Romance


Book Description

Within the current discussion on grammatical interfaces, the word-classes of adjective and adverb are of particular interest because they appear to be separated or joined in manifold ways at the level of word-class or syntax, with morphology playing a prominent role, especially in Romance. The volume provides typological and theoretical insights into the common or different usage of adjectives and adverbs in Romance. Diachronic change is discussed alongside with synchronic variation and the representation in grammar. The discussion turns out to be controversial, calling into question traditional assumptions such as the dogma of the invariability and the categorial status of the adverb.