Advances in Metabolic Mapping Techniques for Brain Imaging of Behavioral and Learning Functions


Book Description

In recent years, revolutionary technical advances have permitted neuroscientists to map the functioning of the brain in exquisite detail. Of interest are the new techniques that visually display cell energy metabolism which is coupled to functional brain activity in behaving animals. This is the first book dealing with the application of 2-deoxyglucose and related metabolic mapping techniques for brain imaging of behavioral and learning functions. Quantitative autoradiographic techniques based on the use of exogenous markers include radiolabeled glucose and its analogs, especially 2-deoxyglucose and fluorodeoxyglucose. Other mapping techniques are based on the histochemical staining of endogenous metabolic markers such as cytochrome oxidase, as well as immunohistochemistry for expression of c-fos genes. In spite of the great potential capabilities of the new imaging techniques, relatively few neuroscientists are using this approach to study brain functions related to behavior. There is a need to review state-of-the-art applications of these methods in behavioral neuroscience, and to formulate recommendations for future research in this area. This book is intended to fulfill these needs by bringing together leading neuroscientists using metabolic mapping approaches to elucidate brain mechanisms of behavior. Discussions are not limited to one animal species, but they cover a broad range of vertebrates with unique behavioral capabilities.




National Library of Medicine Current Catalog


Book Description

First multi-year cumulation covers six years: 1965-70.




Advances In Hearing Research - Proceedings Of The 10th International Symposium On Hearing


Book Description

The main aim of the symposium on the hearing system is to provide a forum in which data, ideas and models from both the physiological and psychoacoustical standpoints can be presented and discussed. Apart from those areas traditionally covered by such meetings, two areas with important recent advances have been included, viz, development and regeneration. The present volume will be of interest to all scientists working in the field of auditory research.




Free Radicals, Oxidative Stress, and Antioxidants


Book Description

There has been an explosion of research related to free radicals and antioxidants in recent years, and hundreds of laboratories worldwide are actively involved in many as pects of free radicals, oxidative stress, and antioxidants. The literature on these topics in creases exponentially every year. Over the last few years, we have been fortunate to witness a widespread recognition of the important role of free radicals in a wide variety of pathological conditions including diseases such as atherosclerosis, cardiovascular and neurological diseases, ischemia, emphysema, diabetes, radiation injury, cancer, etc. In ad dition, many laboratories are studying the role of free radicals in the inexorable process of aging. Increased evidence involves free radicals with the etiology of various diseases, thereby suggesting the use of antioxidants as a viable therapeutic approach for the treat ment of free radical mediated pathologies. Despite these impressive developments, many important aspects of free radical and antioxidant research are open for investigation. It is important to understand the overall mechanisms involved in free radical mediated physiological and pathological conditions. This knowledge will undoubtedly lead to the development of new therapeutic approaches to prevent or control free radical related diseases. This book contains the proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute (ASI) on "Free Radicals, Oxidative Stress, and Antioxidants: Pathological and Physiological Sig nificance," which was held in Antalya, Turkey from May 24-June 4, 1997.




Neuroimaging and Memory


Book Description

The collection of papers presented covers a range of stimulating memory-related topics, ranging from a study of autobiographical memory, working memory, an investigation into "medial temporal lobe" versus "diencephalic" amnesia (combined with an evaluation of different forms of image analysis), neuroimaging and "psychogenic amnesia", an empirical review paper, a study of incidental retrieval in the context of encoding, a critique of contemporary neuroimaging research (with specific reference to the anatomical lesion literature), a neuroimaging study of memory using event-related functional neuroimaging, a paper concerned with the interpretation and meaning of psychological data obtained from contemporary neuroimaging methodologies, to a submission which questions the view that anatomically "bigger" structures necessarily subserve memory "better". All the contributors to this special edition acknowledge the the intrinsically highly dynamic nature of this field. However, taken together, these papers provide an overview of where neuroimaging data currently place us, with respect to the issue of the neural mediation of memory, and concerning our theorizing about the cognitive architecture of memory processes. Such a review is important and timely: this research perspective, unavailable until just few years go, has already made a considerable contribution to our level of understanding, and, if harnessed appropriately, has considerably more to offer in the future.




Handbook of Physiological Research Methods in Health Psychology


Book Description

The field of health psychology has exploded in the last decade due to progress identifying physiological mechanisms by which psychological, social, and behavioral factors can put people′s health and well-being at risk. The Handbook of Physiological Research Methods in Health Psychology provides thorough, state-of-the-art, and user-friendly coverage of basic techniques for measurement of physiological variables in health psychology research. It is designed to serve as a primary reference source for researchers and students interested in expanding their research to consider a biopsychosocial approach. Chapters addressing key physiological measures have been written by international experts with an eye towards documenting essential information that must be considered in order to accurately and reliably measure biological samples. The book is not intended to be a lab manual of specific biomedical techniques, nor is it intended to provide extensive physiological or anatomical information. Rather, it takes the approach most useful for a non-specialist who seeks guidance on how and when to collect biological measures but who will have the actual samples assayed elsewhere. The Handbook can be thought of as a primer or a gateway book for researchers new to the area of physiological measurement and for readers who would like to better understand the meaning of physiological measures they encounter in research reports.




Neuroimaging Part A


Book Description

Consisting of two separate volumes, Neuroimaging provides a state-of-the-art review of a broad range of neuroimaging techniques applied to both clinical and research settings. The breadth of the methods covered is matched by the depth of description of the theoretical background. Part A focuses on the cutting edge of research methodologies, providing a foundation for both established and evolving techniques. These include voxel-based morphometry using structural MRI, functional MRI, perfusion MRI, diffusion tensor imaging, near-infrared spectroscopy and the technique of combining EEG and fMRI studies. Two chapters are devoted to describing methods for studying brain responses and neural models, focusing on functional connectivity, effective connectivity, dynamic causal modeling, and large-scale neural models. The important role played by brain atlases in facilitating the study of normal and diseased brain populations is described in one chapter, and the concept of neuroimaging data bases as a future resource for scientific discovery is elucidated in another. The two parts of Neuroimaging complement each other providing in-depth information on a broad range of routine and cutting edge techniques that is not available in any other text. This book is superbly written and beautifully illustrated by contributors working at the top of their chosen specialty.* Serves as an up-to-date review of cutting-edge neuroimaging techniques * Exquisitely illustrated * Authoritatively written by leading researchers




Neurotransmitter Interactions and Cognitive Function


Book Description

This book gathers cutting edge research on how transmitter interactions form the mechanistic bases for attention, learning and memory. The research provides a more accurate, though complex, picture of how the brain provides cognitive function, and offers new understanding about the mechanisms of cognitive dysfunction and novel avenues for therapeutic treatment. The contributors review their latest findings, and point out directions of advancement of the field of neurotransmitter interactions and cognitive function.




Neuroplasticity, Development, and Steroid Hormone Action


Book Description

A compilation of cutting-edge research, Neuroplasticity, Development, and Steroid Hormone Action explores the effects of steroid hormones on brain development, function, and aging. The experimental approaches used by the authors ranges from molecular to behavioral and endocrine to neurobiological. It contains scientific photographs, line drawings, tables, color illustrations, and graphs, this interesting and timely text covers the neuroplastic effects of steroid hormones throughout the lifetime of various animal models, such as bees, fish, lizards, turtles, birds, mice, rats, and primates.




Handbook of Brain Connectivity


Book Description

Our contemporary understanding of brain function is deeply rooted in the ideas of the nonlinear dynamics of distributed networks. Cognition and motor coordination seem to arise from the interactions of local neuronal networks, which themselves are connected in large scales across the entire brain. The spatial architectures between various scales inevitably influence the dynamics of the brain and thereby its function. But how can we integrate brain connectivity amongst these structural and functional domains? Our Handbook provides an account of the current knowledge on the measurement, analysis and theory of the anatomical and functional connectivity of the brain. All contributors are leading experts in various fields concerning structural and functional brain connectivity. In the first part of the Handbook, the chapters focus on an introduction and discussion of the principles underlying connected neural systems. The second part introduces the currently available non-invasive technologies for measuring structural and functional connectivity in the brain. Part three provides an overview of the analysis techniques currently available and highlights new developments. Part four introduces the application and translation of the concepts of brain connectivity to behavior, cognition and the clinical domain.