Algebraic Calculus


Book Description

From the Preface of the First Edition: This book advocates a radically new approach to the introduction of Higher Mathematics at Freshman level. I adopt a slightly polemical tone because I'm aiming to stimulate debate. The methods, and some of the terminology, that I propose may appear unconventional, but they have sound roots in mathematical history and translate exceptionally well into digital practice, so I'll start by reviewing this background. The mathematical methods introduced by Elie Cartan the better part of a hundred years ago are now widespread in research-level work. But what is not fully acknowledged is that they can revolutionize the teaching of the subject too. All that is needed is a readable, informal account of them. Bringing in these methods, suitably simplified, right at the start, in a simple, engaging style, transforms the clarity and comprehensibility of the subject. The true meaning of so many aspects of intermediate mathematics falls naturally into place. So I'm doing two things: I'm showing that the idea of differential forms, which crystallised around a hundred years ago, allied to the concept of simplexes, suffices as a foundation to develop the entire body of the calculus easily and quickly, and gives a much more coherent line of development. I'm putting it in a way that is clear, readable and, hopefully, entertaining. So I have preferred English readability to mathematical formality wherever reasonably possible. Along the way, I cover in some depth various supporting fields such as vector algebra, with an introduction to the up and coming area of geometric algebra, and I also give a good, but more critical, introduction to the subject of generalised functions, which were more the fashion in Europe in the fifties. And to enrich the readability of the text, there are digressions into fields that are not obviously mathematical, especially if they relate to computer graphics or are particularly relevant to digital practice. I would hope the book's groundbreaking approach will be especially interesting to teachers working in digital applications at this level. So for those teaching the subject, I'll first give a brief summary of what I see as the salient original features of the book. 1)I introduce differentiation using the exterior derivative on a scalar function to generate a 1-form, so making it multivariate from the start. 2)I define integration as a product between a differential form and a simplex. 3)I use the axioms of a group to show that the addition of angles in the circle leads naturally to the idea of complex numbers. 4)The book incorporates geometric algebra into the presentation of vector algebra and analysis from an early stage. 5)Generalised Functions are introduced fully based on differential forms, and this treatment prepares the way for an advanced coverage of Fourier and Laplace transforms."




Clifford Algebra to Geometric Calculus


Book Description

Matrix algebra has been called "the arithmetic of higher mathematics" [Be]. We think the basis for a better arithmetic has long been available, but its versatility has hardly been appreciated, and it has not yet been integrated into the mainstream of mathematics. We refer to the system commonly called 'Clifford Algebra', though we prefer the name 'Geometric Algebra' suggested by Clifford himself. Many distinct algebraic systems have been adapted or developed to express geometric relations and describe geometric structures. Especially notable are those algebras which have been used for this purpose in physics, in particular, the system of complex numbers, the quaternions, matrix algebra, vector, tensor and spinor algebras and the algebra of differential forms. Each of these geometric algebras has some significant advantage over the others in certain applications, so no one of them provides an adequate algebraic structure for all purposes of geometry and physics. At the same time, the algebras overlap considerably, so they provide several different mathematical representations for individual geometrical or physical ideas.




Calculus


Book Description

The esteemed author team is back with a fourth edition of Calculus: Graphing, Numerical, Algebraic written specifically for high school students and aligned to the guidelines of the AP(R) Calculus exam. The new edition focuses on providing enhanced student and teacher support; for students, the authors added guidance on the appropriate use of graphing calculators and updated exercises to reflect current data. For teachers, the authors provide lesson plans, pacing guides, and point-of-need answers throughout the Teacher's Edition and teaching resources. Learn more.




A First Course in Calculus


Book Description

This fifth edition of Lang's book covers all the topics traditionally taught in the first-year calculus sequence. Divided into five parts, each section of A FIRST COURSE IN CALCULUS contains examples and applications relating to the topic covered. In addition, the rear of the book contains detailed solutions to a large number of the exercises, allowing them to be used as worked-out examples -- one of the main improvements over previous editions.




Inside Mathematics


Book Description

Think math is boring?Think again! Algebra to Calculus: Unlocking Math's Amazing Power tells the story of algebra and calculus to explore the surprising, fascinating and sometimes mind-boggling evolution of mathematics through the ages.How do you make a decision with numbers? You have to use a kind of math called Boolean algebra-it's a little strange because it only ever uses two numbers 1 or 0, and 1+1 always equals 1. Despite this weirdness, this algebra is used to create the nanoscale circuits in every microchip. Do you want to know more? Written to engage, entertain and enthuse readers young and old, Algebra to Calculus: Unlocking Math's Amazing Power takes an entirely new approach to the wonderful world of mathematics. Along the way, readers will meet with geniuses, such as Diophantus and Newton, who figured out how to turn math problems into general techniques that worked whatever the situation. Readers will not only learn how computer chips process their programs, but also how a smartphone knows where it is, what the link is between snowflakes, cannonballs and wine barrels, and how Carl Gauss figured out how to add up all the numbers between 1 and 100 in less than a minute-when he was just 10 years old! Algebra to Calculus: Unlocking Math's Amazing Power shows there is a lot more going on than just x + y = z.







Advanced Calculus (Revised Edition)


Book Description

An authorised reissue of the long out of print classic textbook, Advanced Calculus by the late Dr Lynn Loomis and Dr Shlomo Sternberg both of Harvard University has been a revered but hard to find textbook for the advanced calculus course for decades.This book is based on an honors course in advanced calculus that the authors gave in the 1960's. The foundational material, presented in the unstarred sections of Chapters 1 through 11, was normally covered, but different applications of this basic material were stressed from year to year, and the book therefore contains more material than was covered in any one year. It can accordingly be used (with omissions) as a text for a year's course in advanced calculus, or as a text for a three-semester introduction to analysis.The prerequisites are a good grounding in the calculus of one variable from a mathematically rigorous point of view, together with some acquaintance with linear algebra. The reader should be familiar with limit and continuity type arguments and have a certain amount of mathematical sophistication. As possible introductory texts, we mention Differential and Integral Calculus by R Courant, Calculus by T Apostol, Calculus by M Spivak, and Pure Mathematics by G Hardy. The reader should also have some experience with partial derivatives.In overall plan the book divides roughly into a first half which develops the calculus (principally the differential calculus) in the setting of normed vector spaces, and a second half which deals with the calculus of differentiable manifolds.




Calculus


Book Description

"Published by OpenStax College, Calculus is designed for the typical two- or three-semester general calculus course, incorporating innovative features to enhance student learning. The book guides students through the core concepts of calculus and helps them understand how those concepts apply to their lives and the world around them. Due to the comprehensive nature of the material, we are offering the book in three volumes for flexibility and efficiency. Volume 2 covers integration, differential equations, sequences and series, and parametric equations and polar coordinates."--BC Campus website.




Multivariable Mathematics


Book Description

Multivariable Mathematics combines linear algebra and multivariable mathematics in a rigorous approach. The material is integrated to emphasize the recurring theme of implicit versus explicit that persists in linear algebra and analysis. In the text, the author includes all of the standard computational material found in the usual linear algebra and multivariable calculus courses, and more, interweaving the material as effectively as possible, and also includes complete proofs. * Contains plenty of examples, clear proofs, and significant motivation for the crucial concepts. * Numerous exercises of varying levels of difficulty, both computational and more proof-oriented. * Exercises are arranged in order of increasing difficulty.




Calculus and Analysis in Euclidean Space


Book Description

The graceful role of analysis in underpinning calculus is often lost to their separation in the curriculum. This book entwines the two subjects, providing a conceptual approach to multivariable calculus closely supported by the structure and reasoning of analysis. The setting is Euclidean space, with the material on differentiation culminating in the inverse and implicit function theorems, and the material on integration culminating in the general fundamental theorem of integral calculus. More in-depth than most calculus books but less technical than a typical analysis introduction, Calculus and Analysis in Euclidean Space offers a rich blend of content to students outside the traditional mathematics major, while also providing transitional preparation for those who will continue on in the subject. The writing in this book aims to convey the intent of ideas early in discussion. The narrative proceeds through figures, formulas, and text, guiding the reader to do mathematics resourcefully by marshaling the skills of geometric intuition (the visual cortex being quickly instinctive) algebraic manipulation (symbol-patterns being precise and robust) incisive use of natural language (slogans that encapsulate central ideas enabling a large-scale grasp of the subject). Thinking in these ways renders mathematics coherent, inevitable, and fluid. The prerequisite is single-variable calculus, including familiarity with the foundational theorems and some experience with proofs.