Analyzing Language in Restricted Domains


Book Description

First published in 1986. For most of the authors represented in this collection, the term 'Sublanguage' suggests a subsystem of language that behaves essentially like the whole language, while being limited in reference to a specific subject domain. Argued throughout this title, even if sublanguage grammars can be related to the grammar of the full standard language, sublanguages behave in many ways like autonomous systems. This volume will illustrate that, as such, they take on theoretical interest as microcosms of the whole language. The papers collected in this volume were presented at the Workshop on Sublanguage, held at New York University on January 19-20, 1984.




Using Large Corpora


Book Description

Using Large Corpora identifies new data-oriented methods for organizing and analyzing large corpora and describes the potential results that the use of large corpora offers. Today, large corpora consisting of hundreds of millions or even billions of words, along with new empirical and statistical methods for organizing and analyzing these data, promise new insights into the use of language. Already, the data extracted from these large corpora reveal that language use is more flexible and complex than most rule-based systems have tried to account for, providing a basis for progress in the performance of Natural Language Processing systems. Using Large Corpora identifies these new data-oriented methods and describes the potential results that the use of large corpora offers. The research described shows that the new methods may offer solutions to key issues of acquisition (automatically identifying and coding information), coverage (accounting for all of the phenomena in a given domain), robustness (accommodating real data that may be corrupt or not accounted for in the model), and extensibility (applying the model and data to a new domain, text, or problem). There are chapters on lexical issues, issues in syntax, and translation topics, as well discussions of the statistics-based vs. rule-based debate. ACL-MIT Series in Natural Language Processing.




The Oxford Handbook of Computational Linguistics


Book Description

Ruslan Mitkov's highly successful Oxford Handbook of Computational Linguistics has been substantially revised and expanded in this second edition. Alongside updated accounts of the topics covered in the first edition, it includes 17 new chapters on subjects such as semantic role-labelling, text-to-speech synthesis, translation technology, opinion mining and sentiment analysis, and the application of Natural Language Processing in educational and biomedical contexts, among many others. The volume is divided into four parts that examine, respectively: the linguistic fundamentals of computational linguistics; the methods and resources used, such as statistical modelling, machine learning, and corpus annotation; key language processing tasks including text segmentation, anaphora resolution, and speech recognition; and the major applications of Natural Language Processing, from machine translation to author profiling. The book will be an essential reference for researchers and students in computational linguistics and Natural Language Processing, as well as those working in related industries.




Lexikon Der Sprachwissenschaft


Book Description

In over 2,500 entries, this Dictionary provides an exhaustive survey of the key terminology and languages of more than thirty sub-disciplines of linguistics.




Exploring the Abyss of Inequalities


Book Description

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Well-Being in the Information Society, WIS 2012, held in Turku, Finland, in August 2012. The 13 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from numerous submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on e-health; measuring and documenting health and well-being; empowering and educating citizens for healthy living and equal opportunities; governance for health; safe and secure cities; information society as a challenge and a possibility for aged people.




Aspects of the Computer-based Patient Record


Book Description

In a recent study, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) concluded that the computer-based patient record is an essential technology for health care and recommended its prompt development and implementation. This volume contains the position papers that formed the basis for the IOM's recommendations, incl




Qualitative Simulation Modeling and Analysis


Book Description

Recently there has been considerable interest in qualitative methods in simulation and mathematical model- ing. Qualitative Simulation Modeling and Analysis is the first book to thoroughly review fundamental concepts in the field of qualitative simulation. The book will appeal to readers in a variety of disciplines including researchers in simulation methodology, artificial intelligence and engineering. This book boldly attempts to bring together, for the first time, the qualitative techniques previously found only in hard-to-find journals dedicated to single disciplines. The book is written for scientists and engineers interested in improving their knowledge of simulation modeling. The "qualitative" nature of the book stresses concepts of invariance, uncertainty and graph-theoretic bases for modeling and analysis.




Sociolinguistic Perspectives on Register


Book Description

This collection brings together several perspectives on language varieties defined according to their contexts of use--what are variously called registers, sublanguages, or genres. The volume highlights the importance of these central linguistic phenomena; it includes empirical analyses and linguistic descriptions, as well as explanations for existing patterns of variation and proposals for theoretical frameworks. The book treats languages in obsolescence and in their youth; it examines registers from languages from around the globe; and it offers several of the most complete studies of registers and register variation published to date, adopting both synchronic and diachronic perspectives.




VLSI Design Environments


Book Description

VLSI Design Environments investigates design alternatives such as object oriented data modelling. The difficulty of automating chip architecture designs is caused by the complexity of the problem. The explosion of design decions make a heuristic approach necessary. PLAYOUT aims at the solution of system problems based on hierarchy, top-down planning, silicon complier presentations, advances in encoding logic synthesis and a microarchitecre and logic optimization system. PLAYOUT supports the physical design from entering the structure of digital systems to the generation of the mask. The concept for autonomous tools with a clear interface to the network description and the simple interface to the graphics is presented. This enables the designer to have a great influence on the configuration of the placement of the schematic diagram. Substantial progress is being made in behavioural and logic synthesis, both of which depend upon specifications.




Explorations in Corpus Linguistics


Book Description

Explorations in Corpus Linguistics contains selected papers from the eighteenth International Conference on English Language Research on Computerised Corpora (ICAME 18). The papers give a broad overview of the latest activities in corpus linguistics. Issues associated with the creation of corpora are raised, topics ranging from corpus design, to problems of rare data acquisition and data protection, to the relative merits of corpora and free text collections. The main body of the volume is devoted to reports on the analysis of corpora. Several papers offer synchronic descriptions of aspects of modern language usage, in both spoken and written corpora. Some corpora are 'general' in content; those deriving from specialised textual domains include parallel corpora of international varieties of English and of learner language. The diachronic dimension of corpus-based study is also represented, in the examination of some modern-day grammatical features from a historical perspective, and by socio-pragmatic and sociolinguistic studies of diachronic corpus data. The principal aim of English corpus linguistics as reflected here is to describe language in use; there are also cases where such description forms a basis for the development of resources and tools, including specialised taggers, an Internet-based grammar, a glossary, and software to identify semantic relations and diachronic change within corpora.