Pragmatic Aspects of Human Communication


Book Description

'Human Communication' is a field of interest of enormous breadth, being one which has concerned students of many different disciplines. It spans the imagined 'gap' between the 'arts' and the 'sciences', but it forms no unified academic subject. There is no commonly accepted terminology to cover aU aspects. The eight articles comprising this book have been chosen to illustrate something of the diversity yet, at the same time, to be comprehensible to readers from different academic disciplines. They cannot pretend to cover the whole field! Some attempt has been made to present them in an order which represents a continuity of theme, though this is merely an opinion. Most publications of this type form the proceedings of some sympo sium, or conference. In this case, however, there has been no such unifying influence, no collaboration, no discussions. The authors have been drawn from a number of different countries. The first article, by John Marshall and Roger Wales (Great Britain) concerns the pragmatic values of communication, starting by considering bird-song and passing to the infinitely more complex 'meaningful' values of human language and pictures. The 'pragmatic aspect' means the usefulness - what does language or bird song do for humans and birds? What adaptation or survival values does it have? These questions are then considered in relation to brain specialisation for representation of experience and cognition.




Aspects of Human Communication


Book Description




Origins of Human Communication


Book Description

A leading expert on evolution and communication presents an empirically based theory of the evolutionary origins of human communication that challenges the dominant Chomskian view. Human communication is grounded in fundamentally cooperative, even shared, intentions. In this original and provocative account of the evolutionary origins of human communication, Michael Tomasello connects the fundamentally cooperative structure of human communication (initially discovered by Paul Grice) to the especially cooperative structure of human (as opposed to other primate) social interaction. Tomasello argues that human cooperative communication rests on a psychological infrastructure of shared intentionality (joint attention, common ground), evolved originally for collaboration and culture more generally. The basic motives of the infrastructure are helping and sharing: humans communicate to request help, inform others of things helpfully, and share attitudes as a way of bonding within the cultural group. These cooperative motives each created different functional pressures for conventionalizing grammatical constructions. Requesting help in the immediate you-and-me and here-and-now, for example, required very little grammar, but informing and sharing required increasingly complex grammatical devices. Drawing on empirical research into gestural and vocal communication by great apes and human infants (much of it conducted by his own research team), Tomasello argues further that humans' cooperative communication emerged first in the natural gestures of pointing and pantomiming. Conventional communication, first gestural and then vocal, evolved only after humans already possessed these natural gestures and their shared intentionality infrastructure along with skills of cultural learning for creating and passing along jointly understood communicative conventions. Challenging the Chomskian view that linguistic knowledge is innate, Tomasello proposes instead that the most fundamental aspects of uniquely human communication are biological adaptations for cooperative social interaction in general and that the purely linguistic dimensions of human communication are cultural conventions and constructions created by and passed along within particular cultural groups.







The Cognitive Neuroscience of Human Communication


Book Description

This is a book about speech and language. It is primarily intended for those interested in speech and its neurophysiological bases: phoneticians, linguists, educators, speech therapists, psychologists, and neuroscientists. Although speech and language are its central topic, it provides information about related topics as well (e.g. structure and functioning of the central nervous system, research methods in neuroscience, theories and models of speech production and perception, learning, and memory). Data on clinical populations are given in parallel with studies of healthy subjects because such comparisons can give a better understanding of intact and disordered speech and language functions. There is a review of literature (more than 600 sources) and research results covering areas such as neuroanatomy, neurophysiology, development of the nervous system, sex differences, history of neurolinguistics, behavioral, neuroimaging and other research methods in neuroscience, linguistics and psychology, theories and models of the nervous system function including speech and language processing, kinds of memory and learning and their neural substrates, critical periods, various aspects of normal speech and language processes (e.g. phonetics, phonology, syntax, semantics, reading), bilingualism, speech and language disorders, and many others. Newcomers to the field of neurolinguistics will find it as readable as professionals will because it is organized in a way that gives the readers flexibility and an individual approach to the text. The language is simple but all the technical terms are provided, explained, and illustrated. A comprehensive glossary provides additional information.




Human Communication


Book Description




Understanding Human Communication


Book Description

Understanding Human Communication, Seventh Edition, by Ronald B. Adler and George Rodman presents a comprehensive, useful introduction to the academic study of communication that strikes a balance between the needs of instructors and students. The book's enduring features include a clear and reader-friendly writing style; an inviting visual design with marginal quotations, cartoons, photographs, newspaper clippings, and supplemental readings on almost every page; and everyday applications based on solid research and theory. New features include an increased emphasis on technology, streamlined organization based on user suggestions, and revised and updated material on gender, cultural diversity, and theory. These combined features plus an extensive ancillary package make Understanding Human Communication, Seventh Edition, one of the leading texts in the field of interpersonal communication. Features BL Photographs, short readings, cartoons, epigrams, and news items enliven each section with high interest ideas and personalities. BL A comprehensive glossary and the following chapter-length appendices are included at the back of the book: Appendix A: Interviewing Appendix B: Mediated Communication (new!) BL Each chapter ends with the following categories of supplemental material: Summary: recaps the content of the chapter Resources: provides updated lists and brief descriptions of print resources that discuss the topics in the chapter and popular films with plots and characters that demonstrate concepts covered in the chapter Activities: includes four kinds of activities--"Ethical Challenges," "Critical Thinking Probes," "Skill Builders," and "Invitations to Insight"--that invite students to analyze and change their own communication behavior BL The following sidebars and marginal notes contain material that supports the main content of the book: Understanding Diversity boxes show how factors such as ethnicity, different physical abilities, regional origins, and nationalities shape perceptions of and reactions to communication Understanding Communication Technology boxes highlight the ways in which technology is changing the nature of human communication, giving readers tools for using technology in communicating (new!) Communication Boxes present thought-provoking topics through interesting and humorous articles and vignettes Marginal Definitions of colloquial terms help readers unfamiliar with idiomatic English understand the subtleties of phrases and words used in the text, such as "get it off my chest" or "hashed out"




Essentials of Human Communication


Book Description

A brief text with a strong focus on skill development Essentials of Human Communication shows how human communication skills apply to the real-world and the workplace. The text presents the fundamental skills of interpersonal, small group, and public communication while emphasizing human communication skills, cultural awareness, listening, critical thinking, ethics, and social media communication. MyCommunicationLab is an integral part of the DeVito program. Key learning applications include MediaShare, an eText, and a study plan. A better teaching and learning experience This program will provide a better teaching and learning experience–for you and your students. Here’s how: Personalize Learning— MyCommunicationLab is online learning. MyCommunicationLab engages students through personalized learning and helps instructors from course preparation to delivery and assessment. Improve Critical Thinking— Critical thinking principles are integrated into the text and in the marginal questions, self-tests, and boxes. Engage Students—Real-world examples appear throughout the text. Apply Ethics—Real-life ethical issues are discussed. Support Instructors— A full set of supplements, including MyCommunicationLab, provides instructors with all the resources and support they need. Note: MyCommunicationLab does not come automatically packaged with this text. To purchase MyCommunicationLab, please visit: www.mycommunicationlab.com or you can purchase a ValuePack of the text + MyCommunicationLab (at no additional cost): ValuePack ISBN-10: 0205940889 / ValuePack ISBN-13: 9780205940882.