Novel Strategies in the Design and Production of Vaccines


Book Description

Vaccination is one of the most efficient and cost effective methods of promoting human health and has been in clinical use for at least 200 years. Nevertheless, infectious diseases continue to constitute a constant threat to the well being of humanity. Common pathogens, once believed to be under control, acquire increased virulence and resistance to drugs, while exotic microorganisms emerged from hidden reservoirs to cause yet incurable diseases in humans. These changes, together with epidemic outbreaks related to political and socio-economic instabilities, increase the needs for the development of new, advanced vaccines. In this volume, devoted to the proceedings of the 39th OHOLO Conference, we present some of the recent strategies for the design and production of novel vaccines. The advent of recombinant DNA technology has stimulated the production of several subunit vaccines. In spite of the obvious advantages to this approach, the limited immuno genicity of many subunit candidates has hindered their development. Strategies to enhance the immunogenicity of subunit vaccines is therefore critical. Several approaches toward this goal, including design of novel adjuvants and delivery systems as well as design of advantageous carriers, are presented here. Among the carriers evaluated here are polypep tides (flagellin, HBV core antigen, J3-galactosidase), attenuated virions (Vaccinia, Sindbis), and nonpathogenic licensed bacteria (Salmonella).




Cell Technology for Cell Products


Book Description

The 19th ESACT meeting was to highlight the novel capabilities of the industry to move the products towards the clinic. It was attended by a wide range of workers in the industry and for many it was their first ESACT meeting. The proceedings here include the short papers adding the knowledge of the previous meetings and provide a reference for the researcher entering, or continuing in the field of Animal Cell Technology.




Textbook of Medical Virology


Book Description

Textbook of Medical Virology presents a critical review of general principles in the field of medical virology. It discusses the description and molecular structures of virus. It addresses the morphology and classifications of viruses. It also demonstrates the principal aspects of virus particle structure. Some of the topics covered in the book are the symmetrical arrangements of viruses; introduction to different families of animal viruses; biochemistry of virus particles; the immunological properties and biological activities of viral gene products; description of enzymatic activities of viruses; and haemagglutination, cell fusion, and haemolysis of viruses. The description and characteristics of viral antigens are covered. The identification and propagation of viruses in tissue and cell cultures are discussed. An in-depth analysis of the principles of virus replication is provided. A study of the morphogenesis of virions is also presented. A chapter is devoted to virus-induced changes of cell structures and functions. The book can provide useful information to virologists, microbiologists, students, and researchers.




Medicines from Animal Cell Culture


Book Description

Medicines from Animal Cell Culture focuses on the use of animal cell culture, which has been used to produce human and veterinary vaccines, interferon, monoclonal antibodies and genetically engineered products such as tPA and erythropoietin. It also addresses the recent dramatic expansion in cell-based therapies, including the use of live cells for tissue regeneration and the culture of stem cells. Medicines from Animal Cell Culture: Provides comprehensive descriptions of methods for cell culture and nutrition as well as the technologies for the preservation and characterisation of both the cells and the derived products Describes the preparation of stem cells and others for use in cell-based therapies – an area of burgeoning research Includes experimental examples to indicate expected results Covers regulatory issues from the UK, the EU and the USA and reviews how these are developing around the world Addresses the key issues of standardisation and validation with chapters on GLP and GMP for cell culture processes Delivering insight into the exciting world of biological medicines and directions for further investigation into specific topics, Medicines from Animal Cell Culture is an essential resource for researchers and technicians at all levels using cell culture within the pharmaceutical, biotechnology and biomedical industries. It is of value to laboratory managers in these industries and to all those interested in this topic alike.




Animal Cell Biotechnology


Book Description

Animal Cell Biotechnology: Methods and Protocols, Third Edition constitutes a comprehensive manual of state-of-the-art and new techniques for setting up mammalian cell lines for production of biopharmaceuticals, and for optimizing critical parameters for cell culture from lab to final production. The volume is divided into five parts that reflect the processes required for different stages of production. In Part I, basic techniques for establishment of production cell lines are addressed, especially high-throughput synchronization, insect cell lines, transient gene and protein expression, DNA Profiling and Characterisation. Part II addresses tools for process and medium optimization as well as microcarrier technology while Part III covers monitoring of cell growth, viability and apoptosis, metabolic flux estimation, quenching methods as well as NMR-based techniques. Part IV details cultivation techniques, and Part V describes special applications, including vaccine production, baculovirus protein expression, chromatographic techniques for downstream as well as membrane techniques for virus separation. Written in the successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible protocols, and notes on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Animal Cell Biotechnology: Methods and Protocols, Third Edition provides a compendium of techniques for scientists in industrial and research laboratories that use mammalian cells for biotechnology purposes.




Opportunities in Biotechnology for Future Army Applications


Book Description

This report surveys opportunities for future Army applications in biotechnology, including sensors, electronics and computers, materials, logistics, and medical therapeutics, by matching commercial trends and developments with enduring Army requirements. Several biotechnology areas are identified as important for the Army to exploit, either by direct funding of research or by indirect influence of commercial sources, to achieve significant gains in combat effectiveness before 2025.




Animal Cell Technology


Book Description

Animal Cell Technology: Products of Today, Prospects for Tomorrow is a collection of papers that discusses the advancement and future of biotechnology. The book presents a total of 164 materials that are organized into 22 sections. The coverage of the text includes the various methodologies involved in animal cell technology, such as post translational modifications; kinetics and modeling; and measurement and assay. The book also covers product safety and consistency testing; products from animal cells in culture; and apoptosis and cell biology. The text will be of great use to biologists, biotechnicians, and biological engineers. Readers who have an interest in the advancement of biotechnology will also benefit from the book.




Immunization Safety Review


Book Description

The Immunization Safety Review Committee was established by the Institute of Medicine (IOM) to evaluate the evidence on possible causal associations between immunizations and certain adverse outcomes, and to then present conclusions and recommendations. The committee's mandate also includes assessing the broader societal significance of these immunization safety issues. While all the committee members share the view that immunization is generally beneficial, none of them has a vested interest in the specific immunization safety issues that come before the group. The committee reviews three immunization safety review topics each year, addressing each one at a time. In this fifth report in a series, the committee examines the hypothesis that exposure to polio vaccine contaminated with simian virus 40 (SV40), a virus that causes inapparent infection in some monkeys, can cause certain types of cancer.




The Vaccine Race


Book Description

"A real jewel of science history...brims with suspense and now-forgotten catastrophe and intrigue...Wadman’s smooth prose calmly spins a surpassingly complicated story into a real tour de force."—The New York Times “Riveting . . . [The Vaccine Race] invites comparison with Rebecca Skloot's 2007 The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks.”—Nature The epic and controversial story of a major breakthrough in cell biology that led to the conquest of rubella and other devastating diseases. Until the late 1960s, tens of thousands of American children suffered crippling birth defects if their mothers had been exposed to rubella, popularly known as German measles, while pregnant; there was no vaccine and little understanding of how the disease devastated fetuses. In June 1962, a young biologist in Philadelphia, using tissue extracted from an aborted fetus from Sweden, produced safe, clean cells that allowed the creation of vaccines against rubella and other common childhood diseases. Two years later, in the midst of a devastating German measles epidemic, his colleague developed the vaccine that would one day wipe out homegrown rubella. The rubella vaccine and others made with those fetal cells have protected more than 150 million people in the United States, the vast majority of them preschoolers. The new cells and the method of making them also led to vaccines that have protected billions of people around the world from polio, rabies, chicken pox, measles, hepatitis A, shingles and adenovirus. Meredith Wadman’s masterful account recovers not only the science of this urgent race, but also the political roadblocks that nearly stopped the scientists. She describes the terrible dilemmas of pregnant women exposed to German measles and recounts testing on infants, prisoners, orphans, and the intellectually disabled, which was common in the era. These events take place at the dawn of the battle over using human fetal tissue in research, during the arrival of big commerce in campus labs, and as huge changes take place in the laws and practices governing who “owns” research cells and the profits made from biological inventions. It is also the story of yet one more unrecognized woman whose cells have been used to save countless lives. With another frightening virus--measles--on the rise today, no medical story could have more human drama, impact, or urgency than The Vaccine Race.




Vaccines & Your Child


Book Description

Two leading advocates for modern vaccines answer parents' numerous questions about the underlying science of modern vaccines and the value of childhood immunization, while addressing parents' concerns about vaccine safety.




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