Springer Handbook of Advanced Catalyst Characterization


Book Description

Co-edited by world-renowned scientists in the field of catalysis, this book contains the cutting-edge in situ and operando spectroscopy characterization techniques operating under reaction conditions to determine a materials’ bulk, surface, and solution complex and their applications in the field of catalysis with emphasis on solid catalysts in powder form since such catalyst are relevant for industrial applications. The handbook covers from widely-used to cutting-edge techniques. The handbook is written for a broad audience of students and professionals who want to pursue the full capabilities available by the current state-of-the-art in characterization to fully understand how their catalysts really operate and guide the rational design of advanced catalysts. Individuals involved in catalysis research will be interested in this handbook because it contains a catalogue of cutting-edge methods employed in characterization of catalysts. These techniques find wide use in applications such as petroleum refining, chemical manufacture, natural gas conversion, pollution control, transportation, power generation, pharmaceuticals and food processing. fdsfds




Stimulated Raman Scattering Microscopy


Book Description

Stimulated Raman Scattering Microscopy: Techniques and Applications describes innovations in instrumentation, data science, chemical probe development, and various applications enabled by a state-of-the-art stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscope. Beginning by introducing the history of SRS, this book is composed of seven parts in depth including instrumentation strategies that have pushed the physical limits of SRS microscopy, vibrational probes (which increased the SRS imaging functionality), data science methods, and recent efforts in miniaturization. This rapidly growing field needs a comprehensive resource that brings together the current knowledge on the topic, and this book does just that. Researchers who need to know the requirements for all aspects of the instrumentation as well as the requirements of different imaging applications (such as different types of biological tissue) will benefit enormously from the examples of successful demonstrations of SRS imaging in the book. Led by Editor-in-Chief Ji-Xin Cheng, a pioneer in coherent Raman scattering microscopy, the editorial team has brought together various experts on each aspect of SRS imaging from around the world to provide an authoritative guide to this increasingly important imaging technique. This book is a comprehensive reference for researchers, faculty, postdoctoral researchers, and engineers. - Includes every aspect from theoretic reviews of SRS spectroscopy to innovations in instrumentation and current applications of SRS microscopy - Provides copious visual elements that illustrate key information, such as SRS images of various biological samples and instrument diagrams and schematics - Edited by leading experts of SRS microscopy, with each chapter written by experts in their given topics







Modern Raman Spectroscopy


Book Description

This book reflects the dramatic increase in the number of Raman spectrometers being sold to and used by non-expert practitioners. It contains coverage of Resonance Raman and SERS, two hot areas of Raman, in a form suitable for the non-expert. Builds Raman theory up in stages without overloading the reader with complex theory Includes two chapters on instrumentation and interpretation that shows how Raman spectra can be obtained and interpreted Explains the potential of using Raman spectroscopy in a wide variety of applications Includes detailed, but concise information and worked examples




Characterization of Nanostructures


Book Description

The techniques and methods that can be applied to materials characterization on the microscale are numerous and well-established. Divided into two parts, Characterization of Nanostructures provides thumbnail sketches of the most widely used techniques and methods that apply to nanostructures, and discusses typical applications to single nanoscale objects, as well as to ensembles of such objects. Section I: Techniques and Methods overviews the physical principles of the main techniques and describes those operational modes that are most relevant to nanoscale characterization. It provides sufficient technical detail so that readers and prospective users can gain an appreciation of the strengths and limitations of particular techniques. The section covers both mainstream and less commonly used techniques. Section II: Applications of Techniques to Structures of Different Dimensionalities and Functionalities deals with the methods for materials characterization of generic types of systems, using carefully chosen illustrations from the literature. Each chapter begins with a brief description of the materials and supplies a context for the methods for characterization. The volume concludes with a series of flow charts and brief descriptions of tactical issues. The authors focus on the needs of the research laboratory but also address those of quality control, industrial troubleshooting, and online analysis. Characterization of Nanostructures describes those techniques and their operational modes that are most relevant to nanoscale characterization. It is especially relevant to systems of different dimensionalities and functionalities. The book builds a bridge between generalists, who play vital roles in the post-disciplinary area of nanotechnology, and specialists, who view themselves as more in the context of the discipline.







Excited States


Book Description

Excited States, Volume 4 is a collection of papers that deals with the excited states of molecular activity. One paper investigates the resonance Raman spectroscopy as the key to vibrational-electronic coupling. This paper reviews the basic theory of Raman scattering; it also explains the derivation of the Raman spectra, excitation profiles, and depolarization ratios for simple resonance systems. Another paper reviews the magnetic properties of triplet states, including the zero-field resonance techniques, the high-field experiments, and the spin Hamiltonian. This paper focuses on the magnetic properties of triplet states through magnetic resonance experiments applied in the presence or absence of such fields. Another paper analyzes the effects of a magnetic field on molecular luminescence. This paper also describes the investigations made to the quenching of molecular luminescence in the presence of a magnetic field from molecules such as glyoxal, as well as some applications of magnetic quenching. One paper reviews the time-dependent behavior of excited molecules. This paper explains the essential features of "intermediate" cases encountered in the photo-physical time-dependent studies of excitable molecules by comparing theoretical aspects and experimental data. Nuclear scientists, physicists, and researchers whose works involve molecular chemistry and solid state physics will find this collection valuable.




Commemorating the Past and Looking Towards the Future


Book Description

This book is not just a conference proceedings covering the full spectrum of physics disciplines. It is also a historic retrospective on the past generation of giants in Chinese physics. It covers the historical tributes by Nobel Laureates Lee and Yang and others to the life and works of Professors Ta-You Wu, Chien-Shiung Wu and Xie Xi-de. In the words of the title in Chinese, as we drink the water let us ponder the source.




Characterization, Properties and Applications


Book Description

This volume on iron-sulfur proteins includes chapters that describe the initial discovery of iron-sulfur proteins in the 1960s to elucidation of the roles of iron sulfur clusters as prosthetic groups of enzymes, such as the citric acid cycle enzyme, aconitase, and numerous other proteins, ranging from nitrogenase to DNA repair proteins. The capacity of iron sulfur clusters to accept and delocalize single electrons is explained by basic chemical principles, which illustrate why iron sulfur proteins are uniquely suitable for electron transport and other activities. Techniques used for detection and stabilization of iron-sulfur clusters, including EPR and Mossbauer spectroscopies, are discussed because they are important for characterizing unrecognized and elusive iron sulfur proteins. Recent insights into how nitrogenase works have arisen from multiple advances, described here, including studies of high-resolution crystal structures.




Conformational Analysis of Molecules in Excited States


Book Description

A unique look at some of the hottest topics in photophysics and photochemistry today The study of molecules in excited states has exploded over the past decade, providing new insights into conformational changes in organic molecules and opening up research opportunities for scientists and professionals in chemistry, physics, biology, medicine, and materials engineering. Using conformational analysis as a unifying concept, this important new work provides readers with a cohesive and cutting-edge overview of this fascinating and challenging field. From conformational changes accompanying photoinduced electron transfer to elementary photophysical and photochemical processes in living systems, the most representative and challenging topics are carefully gleaned from the vast literature, highlighting major conceptual problems along with the relevant experimental techniques. Authoritative, detailed contributions from both experimentalists and theoreticians include coverage of: * Conformational changes in intramolecular excited state electron transfer * Conformational aspects of excited state proton transfer * The novel topic of solute-solvent friction in chemical reactions * Mechanisms and structural aspects of exciplex formations * Conformational aspects of organic photochemistry * Calculations of excited state conformational properties