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Dieter's Dilemma

Author : William Bennett

Publisher : Basic Books

Page : 340 pages

File Size : 49,74 MB

Release : 1983-08-02

Category : Psychology

ISBN : 9780465016532

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Book Description

Abstract: A discussion of obesity proposes that weight is physiologically regulated and dieting cannot alter this biological fact. This point is confirmed by the fact that most dieters lose weight only temporarily. Physical activity is the most effective method for decreasing the body's demand for fat. The concept that fatness is a major cause of disease is challenged. The rise in average weight since 1960 has accompanied a decrease in the death rate from cardiovascular disease. Exceptions are diabetes and high blood pressure. Weight control through exercise can be an important treatment. Most motivation to lose weight is based on looking better rather than feeling better. The body's "set point" (normal weight) for fatness is detailed. This point is reinforced by referenced scientific studies. Popular diets and diet books are described. Studies are cited to show that exercise uses calories and also regulates appetite; it is suggested that this lowers the "set point" and is more advantageous than a reducing diet. organizations for fat people are listed. changes in attitudes toward fatness is advocated since most weight reduction regimens are ultimately unsuccessful. (rkm).



The Psychological Dieter

Author : Gregory J. Privitera

Publisher : University Press of America

Page : 122 pages

File Size : 14,28 MB

Release : 2008

Category : Health & Fitness

ISBN : 9780761839668

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Book Description

The Psychological Dieter explores a variety of research topics in psychology to explain how diet is acquired and why it is so difficult to change. While many healthier diets on the market will work, few (if any) will provide long-term solutions to healthier dieting. This is a key challenge for research psychologists who study diet and health. Based on scientific research and thinking, this book is one of the first to explore how psychology can help explain why shifting diet is so difficult and provides practical suggestions for what can be done to stop this trend. Professor Privitera integrates research from the biological to the behavioral to provide an easy to follow and broad review of these topics. The Psychological Dieter explores how factors such as metabolism, the brain, sensation, perception, learning, society, and culture all influence weight gain, food choice, meal size, and consumption. Organized into three sections, this book describes how the body regulates hunger and fullness, why diet change is so difficult long-term, and how learning can affect almost any sensation and behavior associated with diet. Rooted in scientific research and clearly written, this book's engaging style makes topics in psychology accessible to scientists, health professionals, and everyday dieters alike.



Intuitive Eating, 3rd Edition

Author : Evelyn Tribole

Publisher : Macmillan

Page : 370 pages

File Size : 40,31 MB

Release : 2012-08-07

Category : Health & Fitness

ISBN : 1250004047

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Book Description

First published in 1995, "Intuitive Eating" has become the go-to book on rebuilding a healthy body image and making peace with food. This revised edition includes two brand-new chapters that will help readers integrate intuitive eating even more fully into their daily lives.



Situated Cognition

Author : David Kirshner

Publisher : Taylor & Francis

Page : 334 pages

File Size : 26,87 MB

Release : 2021-12-16

Category : Psychology

ISBN : 1000106047

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Book Description

This book is a result of a symposium at a recent annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association that explored foundational issues relative to situated cognition theory. Its chapters contribute to discourse about repositioning situated cognition theory within the broader supporting disciplines and to resolving the problematics addressed within the book. There is a cumulative vision to the book -- its theme is that the notion of the individual in situated cognition theory needs to be fundamentally reformulated. No theoretical reconfiguration of the social world or of social practices can overcome an individual cast in the dualist tradition. This reformulation probes the physiological, psychoanalytic, and semiotic constitution of persons. Chapters authors cover a wide range of topics including: * transfer of training -- arguing that traditional cognitive psychology has found precious little evidence of people's ability to apply knowledge gained in one context to the problems encountered in another; * ecosocial systems -- a new object of inquiry for situated cognition theory in which the primary units of analysis are not things or people, but processes and practices; * how linkages between discursive practices are manifested as semiotic chaining of signifiers for individuals engaged in everyday activities at home or at school; * how the ability to function in ways that are consistent with logic emerges not through reflective abstraction on actions, but through an enhanced sense of agency as more responsible roles are adopted in daily life practices; * the mutual constitution of social and individual knowledge -- familiar terms and concepts normally available through linguistic labels are cultural models, to be distinguished from the variegated and hidden mid-level meanings that reflect their situated uses in social activity; * the material (neurological) substrate through which cultural models and mid-level meanings emerge; and * how learning environments can be structured to take advantage of the perceptual underpinnings of cognition.



Obesity Prevention

Author : Laurette Dube

Publisher : Academic Press

Page : 832 pages

File Size : 48,99 MB

Release : 2010-06-25

Category : Technology & Engineering

ISBN : 0080922090

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Book Description

Over the years, approaches to obesity prevention and treatment have gone from focusing on genetic and other biological factors to exploring a diversity of diets and individual behavior modification interventions anchored primarily in the power of the mind, to the recent shift focusing on societal interventions to design "temptation-proof" physical, social, and economic environments. In spite of repeated calls to action, including those of the World Health Organization (WHO), the pandemic continues to progress. WHO recently projected that if the current lifestyle trend in young and adult populations around the world persist, by 2012 in countries like the USA, health care costs may amount to as much as 17.7% of the GDP. Most importantly, in large part due to the problems of obesity, those children may be the first generation ever to have a shorter life expectancy than that of their parents. Obesity Prevention presents the most current research and proposals for addressing the pandemic. Past studies have focused primarly on either genetic or behavioral causes for obesity, however today's research indicates that a strongly integrated program is the best prospect for success in overcoming obesity. Furthermore, focus on the role of society in establishing an affordable, accessible and sustainable program for implementing these lifestyle changes is vital, particularly for those in economically challenged situations, who are ultimately at the highest risk for obesity. Using studies from both neuroscience and behavioral science to present a comprehensive overview of the challenges and possible solutions, The brain-to-society approach to obesity prevention focuses on what is needed in order to sustain a healthy, pleasurable and affordable lifestyle. - Explores the "brain-to-society" approach to obesity prevention, focusing on an integrative approach to addressing the obesity pandemic - Presents both the nueroscientific and the behavioral factors that impact eating habits - Identifies the challenges and suggests solutions for altering attitudes toward food on both an individual and a societal level



Social dilemmas, institutions, and the evolution of cooperation

Author : Ben Jann

Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG

Page : 584 pages

File Size : 33,67 MB

Release : 2017-09-11

Category : Social Science

ISBN : 311047297X

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Book Description

The question of how cooperation and social order can evolve from a Hobbesian state of nature of a “war of all against all” has always been at the core of social scientific inquiry. Social dilemmas are the main analytical paradigm used by social scientists to explain competition, cooperation, and conflict in human groups. The formal analysis of social dilemmas allows for identifying the conditions under which cooperation evolves or unravels. This knowledge informs the design of institutions that promote cooperative behavior. Yet to gain practical relevance in policymaking and institutional design, predictions derived from the analysis of social dilemmas must be put to an empirical test. The collection of articles in this book gives an overview of state-of-the-art research on social dilemmas, institutions, and the evolution of cooperation. It covers theoretical contributions and offers a broad range of examples on how theoretical insights can be empirically verified and applied to cooperation problems in everyday life. By bringing together a group of distinguished scholars, the book fills an important gap in sociological scholarship and addresses some of the most interesting questions of human sociality.



Encyclopedia of Human Development

Author : Neil J. Salkind

Publisher : SAGE

Page : 1617 pages

File Size : 40,90 MB

Release : 2006

Category : Education

ISBN : 1412904757

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Cognition in Practice

Author : Jean Lave

Publisher : Cambridge University Press

Page : 236 pages

File Size : 42,56 MB

Release : 1988-07-29

Category : Mathematics

ISBN : 9780521357340

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Book Description

Most previous research on human cognition has focused on problem-solving, and has confined its investigations to the laboratory. As a result, it has been difficult to account for complex mental processes and their place in culture and history. In this startling - indeed, disco in forting - study, Jean Lave moves the analysis of one particular form of cognitive activity, - arithmetic problem-solving - out of the laboratory into the domain of everyday life. In so doing, she shows how mathematics in the 'real world', like all thinking, is shaped by the dynamic encounter between the culturally endowed mind and its total context, a subtle interaction that shapes 1) Both tile human subject and the world within which it acts. The study is focused on mundane daily, activities, such as grocery shopping for 'best buys' in the supermarket, dieting, and so on. Innovative in its method, fascinating in its findings, the research is above all significant in its theoretical contributions. Have offers a cogent critique of conventional cognitive theory, turning for an alternative to recent social theory, and weaving a compelling synthesis from elements of culture theory, theories of practice, and Marxist discourse. The result is a new way of understanding human thought processes, a vision of cognition as the dialectic between persons-acting, and the settings in which their activity is constituted. The book will appeal to anthropologists, for its novel theory of the relation of cognition to culture and context; to cognitive scientists and educational theorists; and to the 'plain folks' who form its subject, and who will recognize themselves in it, a rare accomplishment in the modern social sciences.



The National Security of Small States in a Changing World

Author : Efraim Inbar

Publisher : Routledge

Page : 236 pages

File Size : 43,91 MB

Release : 2013-09-13

Category : History

ISBN : 1135220573

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Book Description

The first part of this book is primarily devoted to analysing the impact of the system of international relations on the fortunes of small states. The second part discusses the question 'what changes in the national strategy of small states are necessary in view of the new international system?' The authors of this volume come from various parts of the world and espouse differing outlooks. Nevertheless, they were able to coalesce around a similar theme in an effort to contribute to the international understanding of the special challenges that confront the world's small states.



Naked Science

Author : Laura Nader

Publisher : Routledge

Page : 340 pages

File Size : 16,1 MB

Release : 2014-01-02

Category : Social Science

ISBN : 1136667504

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Book Description

Naked Science is about contested domains and includes different science cultures: physics, molecular biology, primatology, immunology, ecology, medical environmental, mathematical and navigational domains. While the volume rests on the assumption that science is not autonomous, the book is distinguished by its global perspective. Examining knowledge systems within a planetary frame forces thinking about boundaries that silence or affect knowledge-building. Consideration of ethnoscience and technoscience research within a common framework is overdue for raising questions about deeply held beliefs and assumptions we all carry about scientific knowledge. We need a perspective on how to regard different science traditions because public controversies should not be about a glorified science or a despicable science.