Direct Numerical Simulation of Very-Large-Scale Motions in Turbulent Pipe Flow


Book Description

Die turbulente Rohrströmung ist nicht nur von großer Bedeutung für Anwendungen im Ingenieurbereich, sondern auch für die Grundlagenforschung von wandnaher Turbulenz. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird die Interaktion sogenannter turbulenter Superstrukturen (engl.: very-large-scale motions, VLSMs) mit der kleinskaligen Wandturbulenz auf Basis der Methode der direkten numerischen Simulation untersucht. Dabei werden Schubspannungs-Reynoldszahlen bis Reτ = 2880 und Rohrlängen bis L = 42R berücksichtigt. Es wird das Konvergenz- und Skalierungsverhalten verschiedener statistischer Momente der Geschwindigkeitsverteilung untersucht und in Bezug auf VLSMs diskutiert. Die folgende Analyse der axialen Energietransportgleichung des gefilterten Geschwindigkeitsfeldes legt offen, dass VLSMs Energie von der mittleren Strömung zugeführt bekommen, ähnlich den kleinskaligen Strukturen durch den turbulenten Produktionsmechanismus. Die verschiedenen Terme der Energiebilanz werden sowohl anhand von mittleren Profilen, als auch instantanen Strömungsvisualisierungen und drei-dimensionalen Korrelationen diskutiert, wobei auch auf das Phänomen der inversen turbulenten Energiekaskade eingegangen wird. Die Forschungsarbeit gewährt dabei neue Einblicke in die Interaktion der VLSMs mit dem turbulenten Wandzyklus und trägt zum besseren Verständnis der turbulenten Rohrströmung bei. Turbulent pipe flow is not only of importance to engineering applications but also of fundamental interest to the study of wall-bounded turbulence. In the present work, the interaction of the so-called very-large-scale motions (VLSMs) with the near-wall, small-scale turbulence is explored by means of direct numerical simulation for friction Reynolds numbers up to Reτ = 2880 and pipe lengths up to L = 42R. Besides, the convergence and the scaling of different order moments of the velocity distribution are studied and also discussed with regard to VLSMs. The subsequent analysis of the streamwise energy budget equation of the filtered velocity field reveals that VLSMs obtain their energy from the mean velocity field via a production mechanism similar to the one known from the near-wall cycle. Moreover, the different energy budget terms are investigated by means of statistical averages, instantaneous flow field visualisations, and three-dimensional correlations, wherein the backscattering phenomenon is also dealt with. In brief, the research sheds new light on our understanding of the interaction between VLSMs and the near-wall cycle and leads to a better grasp of turbulent pipe flow in general.







Simulation and Modeling of Turbulent Flows


Book Description

This book provides students and researchers in fluid engineering with an up-to-date overview of turbulent flow research in the areas of simulation and modeling. A key element of the book is the systematic, rational development of turbulence closure models and related aspects of modern turbulent flow theory and prediction. Starting with a review of the spectral dynamics of homogenous and inhomogeneous turbulent flows, succeeding chapters deal with numerical simulation techniques, renormalization group methods and turbulent closure modeling. Each chapter is authored by recognized leaders in their respective fields, and each provides a thorough and cohesive treatment of the subject.




Large Eddy Simulation of Compressible Turbulent Pipe Flow with Heat Transfer


Book Description

A compressible finite volume formulation for large eddy simulation (LES) of turbulent channel flows was extended to solve the turbulent flows in pipes and annular passages. A general finite volume scheme was developed based on conservation equations in Cartesian coordinates with non-Cartesian control volumes. A dual-time stepping approach with time derivative preconditioning was employed and time marching was done with an implicit lower-upper-symmetric-Gauss-Seidel (LU-SGS) scheme. The small scale motions were modeled by a dynamic subgrid-scale (SGS) model. The code was developed in a multiblock framework and parallelized using the message passing interface (MPI). The finite volume LES formulation was validated by simulating the isothermal fully developed turbulent pipe and annular flows. The results were compared to experimental data and direct numerical simulation (DNS) results. The LES formulation was further validated by the simulation of turbulent pipe flows with low heat transfer and comparisons with passive scalar DNS results. Finally, buoyancy forces were added into the LES formulation to simulate mixed convection in a vertical pipe with constant high wall heat fluxes leading to significant property variations. Step-periodic boundary conditions were studied and implemented. The results were validated by comparing with experimental results. Heating effects and flow laminarization were studied. Excellent agreement with DNS and experimental results were obtained for isothermal turbulent pipe and annular flows. The mean temperature profile for the turbulent pipe flow with low heat transfer matched very well with the DNS passive scalar results. Good matches to constant property correlations were also achieved for friction coefficients and Nusselt numbers. For the mixed convection in a vertical pipe, good agreement with the experimental mean streamwise velocity and temperature profiles was obtained. High heating tended to suppress the turbulent intensities and attenuate the turbulent kinetic energy. The thinner viscous layer led to a larger Nusselt numbers which indicated a higher heat transfer rate. Laminarization phenomena were observed along with large overprediction of friction coefficients and underprediction of Nusselt numbers when comparing to fully turbulent property variation correlations.




Turbulence in Open Channel Flows


Book Description

A review of open channel turbulence, focusing especially on certain features stemming from the presence of the free surface and the bed of a river. Part one presents the statistical theory of turbulence; Part two addresses the coherent structures in open-channel flows and boundary layers.




A hydrodynamical perspective on the turbulent transport of bacteria in rivers


Book Description

The transport of bacteria in turbulent river-like environments is addressed, where bacterial populations are frequently encountered attached to solids. This transport mode is investigated by studying the transient settling of heavy particles in turbulent channel flows featuring sediment beds. A numerical method is used to fully resolve turbulence and finite-size particles, which enables the assessment of the complex interplay between flow structures, suspended solids and river sediment.




Direct Numerical Simulation of Turbulent Flow in a Circular Pipe Subjected to Radial System Rotation


Book Description

In this thesis, direct numerical simulations have been preformed with a high-order spectral element method computer code to investigate the Coriolis force effect on a fully-developed turbulent flow confined within a circular pipe subjected to radial system rotations. In order to study the radially rotating effects on the flow, a wide range of rotation numbers have been tested. In response to the system rotation imposed, large-scale secondary flows appear as streamwise counter-rotating vortices, which highly interact with the boundary layer and have a significant impact on the turbulent flow structures and dynamics. A quasi Taylor-Proudman region occurs at low rotation numbers, where the mean axial velocity is invariant along the rotating axis. As the rotation number increases, laminarization occurs near the bottom wall of the pipe, and the flow become fully laminarized when the rotation number approaches one. The characteristics of the flow field are investigated in both physical and spectral spaces, which include the analyses of the first- and second-order statistical moments, pre-multiplied spectra of velocity fluctuations, budget balance of the transport equation of Reynolds stresses, and coherent flow structures.




Progress in Turbulence VII


Book Description

This volume collects the edited and reviewed contribution presented in the 7th iTi Conference in Bertinoro, covering fundamental and applied aspects in turbulence. In the spirit of the iTi conference, the volume is produced after the conference so that the authors had the opportunity to incorporate comments and discussions raised during the meeting. In the present book, the contributions have been structured according to the topics: I Theory II Wall bounded flows III Pipe flow IV Modelling V Experiments VII Miscellaneous topics




Turbulent Fluid Flow


Book Description

A guide to the essential information needed to model and compute turbulent flows and interpret experiments and numerical simulations Turbulent Fluid Flow offers an authoritative resource to the theories and models encountered in the field of turbulent flow. In this book, the author – a noted expert on the subject – creates a complete picture of the essential information needed for engineers and scientists to carry out turbulent flow studies. This important guide puts the focus on the essential aspects of the subject – including modeling, simulation and the interpretation of experimental data - that fit into the basic needs of engineers that work with turbulent flows in technological design and innovation. Turbulent Fluid Flow offers the basic information that underpins the most recent models and techniques that are currently used to solve turbulent flow challenges. The book provides careful explanations, many supporting figures and detailed mathematical calculations that enable the reader to derive a clear understanding of turbulent fluid flow. This vital resource: • Offers a clear explanation to the models and techniques currently used to solve turbulent flow problems • Provides an up-to-date account of recent experimental and numerical studies probing the physics of canonical turbulent flows • Gives a self-contained treatment of the essential topics in the field of turbulence • Puts the focus on the connection between the subject matter and the goals of fluids engineering • Comes with a detailed syllabus and a solutions manual containing MATLAB codes, available on a password-protected companion website Written for fluids engineers, physicists, applied mathematicians and graduate students in mechanical, aerospace and civil engineering, Turbulent Fluid Flow contains an authoritative resource to the information needed to interpret experiments and carry out turbulent flow studies.




Direct and Large-Eddy Simulation IX


Book Description

This volume reflects the state of the art of numerical simulation of transitional and turbulent flows and provides an active forum for discussion of recent developments in simulation techniques and understanding of flow physics. Following the tradition of earlier DLES workshops, these papers address numerous theoretical and physical aspects of transitional and turbulent flows. At an applied level it contributes to the solution of problems related to energy production, transportation, magneto-hydrodynamics and the environment. A special session is devoted to quality issues of LES. The ninth Workshop on 'Direct and Large-Eddy Simulation' (DLES-9) was held in Dresden, April 3-5, 2013, organized by the Institute of Fluid Mechanics at Technische Universität Dresden. This book is of interest to scientists and engineers, both at an early level in their career and at more senior levels.