Economies of Scale in Retailing


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The Economics of Retailing and Distribution


Book Description

This book should become a standard reference in the field. . . It combines rigorous modeling with sophisticated econometrics and includes telling examples to illustrate general principles. Dennis C. Mueller, University of Vienna, Austria This book provides a uniform and coherent approach to the analysis of distribution systems in general and retail systems in particular. It develops the fundamentals of retail demand and supply, and demonstrates how the provision of distribution services is a principal determinant of economic outcomes in retail exchanges for both retailers and their customers, as well as for other agents such as suppliers and franchisors. The author integrates the existing literature with new applications to provide novel insights into the multi-product nature of retailing, the service aspects of packaging, and the evolution of retail formats such as supermarkets, non-store retailers (including the Internet) and shopping centers. He illustrates how the complementarity that underlies retail activities leads to lower average prices for customers. This integrative process also brings out the role of distribution services as mechanisms to exercise economic power. This is evident not only in channels of distribution but in the evolution of Wal-Mart and the development of franchise contracts. The author also identifies the crucial differences between the retailing of goods and the retailing of services. This impressive volume skilfully integrates conceptual, theoretical and empirical research to analyse critical issues in the economics of retailing and distribution. It will be required reading for academics and professional economists interested in industrial organization, marketing, applied microeconomics and business.




Economics of Retailing


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Handbook on the Economics of Retailing and Distribution


Book Description

This Handbook explores and critically examines current research in economics and marketing science on key issues in retailing and distribution. Providing a rich perspective for the discussion of public policy, contributions from several disciplines and continents range from the history of chains and the impact of multinational retailers on international trade patterns to US merger policy in the retail context, the rise of the Internet, and consumer-to-consumer sales. The chapters address methodological issues such as the structural estimation of entry games between retailers, productivity measurement when both inputs and output are not fully observable, and demand estimation with variable assortment. Policy issues explored include mergers, zoning, and the regulation of buyer power, while other chapters address some of the recent exciting developments in technology, retail formats, and data availability. The book goes on to study the changes in online retailing and ‘big data’, and to examine competition in specific retail sectors including gasoline stations, automobile dealerships, supermarkets, and ‘big box’ retail. This state-of-the-art Handbook is an essential reference for students and academics of economics and marketing science, and offers an outsider’s perspective to specialists in operations research, data analytics, geography, and sociology.




Unscaled


Book Description

Unscaled identifies the forces that are reshaping the global economy and turning one of the fundamental laws of business and society -- the economies of scale -- on its head. An innovative trend combining technology with economics is unraveling behemoth industries -- including corporations, banks, farms, media conglomerates, energy systems, governments, and schools-that have long dominated business and society. Size and scale have become a liability. A new generation of upstarts is using artificial intelligence to automate tasks that once required expensive investment, and "renting" technology platforms to build businesses for hyper-focused markets, enabling them to grow big without the bloat of giant organizations. In Unscaled, venture capitalist Hemant Taneja explains how the unscaled phenomenon allowed Warby Parker to cheaply and easily start a small company, build a better product, and become a global competitor in no time, upending entrenched eyewear giant Luxottica. It similarly enabled Stripe to take on established payment processors throughout the world, and Livongo to help diabetics control their disease while simultaneously cutting the cost of treatment. The unscaled economy is remaking massive, deeply rooted industries and opening up fantastic possibilities for entrepreneurs, imaginative companies, and resourceful individuals. It can be the model for solving some of the world's greatest problems, including climate change and soaring health-care costs, but will also unleash new challenges that today's leaders must address.










Economics, Second Edition


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An introduction to the principles of microeconomics and macroeconomics that establishes strong links between theoretical principles and real-world experience, while incorporating clear and consistent international focus throughout the text.




Economics of Retailing


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Retail Change


Book Description

The economic, social and environmental implications of recent changes in retailing constitute significant contemporary issues, which are the focus of this timely book. Retail change deals with the internationalization of retailing, the development of shopping centres in the city and at suburban sites, and the growth of leisure shopping. It provides an up-to-date review of the central questions faced by undergraduate students in planning, business studies and geography. The retail environment of developed economies has undergone revolutionary change since the 1970s, and the process is far from over. In the book the major elements central to contemporary retail change are developed across the whole spectrum of spatial scales relevant to present-day society. The first part adopts an economic perspective and focuses on the process of business concentration and its increasingly international orientation. This is followed by analyses of change in the urban region, concentrating on the emergence of the great variety of new retail forms associated with retail decentralization. The planning implications of retail change are developed in the third part. The future of the city-centre and other traditional shopping centres is examined in the light of challenges presented by new facilities. Alternative future scenarios contingent upon laisser-faire or interventionist government policy controls are also discussed. The social implications of retail change are developed in the final section. All students and researchers concerned with the evolution and development of the retail sector of advanced economies will welcome this book as an authoritative source of contemporary findings and commentary. Rosemary D. Bromley and Colin J. Thomas are Lecturers in Geography at the University College of Swansea, Wales.. This book is intended for undergraduate students taking courses in economic geography and retailing in departments of geography, business studies, planning, etc.