Estudio de la memoria y la orientación espacial en el ser humano


Book Description

La memoria espacial es la parte de la memoria encargada del recuerdo de toda la información que tiene que ver con el espacio en el que nos movemos y nuestro lugar dentro del mismo, por lo que resulta una de las funciones clave para poder desenvolvernos en nuestro día a día. Los estudios realizados con modelos animales en diversos paradigmas de aprendizaje, como la piscina de Morris y el laberinto radial, han aportado la mayor parte del conocimiento que tenemos en la actualidad sobre la memoria y la orientación espacial, proporcionando además pruebas irrefutables del papel crítico que desempeña la formación hipocampal en estas habilidades cognitivas. Desafortunadamente, las tareas de orientación espacial en humanos permanecieron poco desarrolladas hasta hace relativamente pocos años. Un acontecimiento clave para el progreso en su estudio fueron los avances en el desarrollo de las técnicas de realidad virtual, las cuales han permitido la creación de entornos virtuales en los que investigar la cognición espacial destacando aquellos entornos que se basan en paradigmas de aprendizaje utilizados en roedores. Estas tareas han demostrado ser sensibles no sólo en la medición de la orientación espacial en humanos, sino también al efecto que ejercen sobre la misma las lesiones o alteraciones hipocampales, incluso las modificaciones hipocampales menores como las existentes entre individuos de distinto sexo. Sin embargo, una de las mayores desventajas de las tareas desarrolladas hasta la fecha es la limitada capacidad de regulación de los niveles de dificultad de la tarea a las capacidades de la muestra de estudio. El trabajo de la presente tesis doctoral se ha orientado al desarrollo y validación de una novedosa tarea de realidad virtual denominada la "Sala de las Cajas", basada en modelos animales que permite regular la dificultad y facilita la comparativa entre especies. A lo largo de los cuatro estudios que componen la presente tesis doctoral se demuestra que la "Sala de las Cajas" constituye una herramienta fiable, fácil de administrar y de rápida adquisición para la investigación del aprendizaje y la memoria espacial en humanos. Los resultados confirman la utilidad de adaptar la dificultad de la tarea a las características de la muestra de estudio. En este sentido, se demuestra que las diferencias entre ciertas poblaciones y condiciones ambientales sólo emergen ante niveles adecuados de dificultad. Además, la tarea permite configurar las características del entorno, demostrando que el número y la localización de las pistas disponibles son importantes atributos a considerar en la investigación de la navegación espacial humana. La validez de la tarea se ha visto confirmada primero por la correlación positiva de la "Sala de las Cajas" con la adaptación virtual de la piscina de Morris, uno de los paradigmas más empleados para el estudio de la memoria espacial y la navegación en humanos y roedores; segundo, al demostrar, en un estudio realizado con pacientes con lesiones del lóbulo temporal, que el hipocampo es esencial para la correcta ejecución de la tarea en línea con otros estudios en animales y humanos y, por último, al revelar también nuestra tarea el dimorfismo sexual ampliamente constatado en memoria espacial.




Memoria


Book Description




Synaptic Plasticity in the Hippocampus


Book Description

This is the second time that I have had the honor of opening an interna tional symposium dedicated to the functions of the hippocampus here in Pecs. It was a pleasure to greet the participants in the hope that their valuable contributions will make this meeting a tradition in this town. As one of the hosts of the symposium, I had the sorrowful duty to remind you of the absence of a dear colleague, Professor Graham God dard. His tragic and untimely death represents the irreparable loss of both a friend and an excellent researcher. This symposium is dedicated to his memory. If I compare the topics of the lectures of this symposium with those of the previous one, a striking difference becomes apparent. A dominating tendency of the previous symposium was to attempt to define hippocam pal function or to offer data relevant to supporting or rejecting existing theoretical positions. No such tendency is reflected in the titles of the present symposium, in which most of the contributions deal with hip pocampal phenomena at the most elementary level. Electrical, biochemi cal, biophysical, and pharmacological events at the synaptic, membrane, or intracellular level are analyzed without raising the question of what kind of integral functions these elementary phenomena are a part of.




Revista de estudios hispánicos


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Antropología de la eternidad


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AR&PA: Actas 2


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Technologies of Inclusive Well-Being


Book Description

This book is the first single volume that brings together the topics of serious games, alternative realities, and play therapy. The focus is on the use of digital media for the therapeutic benefit and well-being of a wide range of people−spanning those with special needs to the elderly to entire urban neighborhoods. This book brings together these topics to demonstrate the increasing trans/inter/multi-disciplinary initiatives apparent today in science, medicine, and academic research−interdisciplinary initiative that are already profoundly impacting society.




Melé


Book Description

Fine edition devoted to artist Melé (b. Argentina), one of the most representative artists of concrete art in Argentina. The book follows his life and work throughout 4 parts: memory, travel, tradition and trade and represents a detailed reference of the creative processes lived by abstract-geometric artists in Argentina.




The Female Brain


Book Description

Since Dr. Brizendine wrote The Female Brain ten years ago, the response has been overwhelming. This New York Times bestseller has been translated into more than thirty languages, has sold nearly a million copies between editions, and has most recently inspired a romantic comedy starring Whitney Cummings and Sofia Vergara. And its profound scientific understanding of the nature and experience of the female brain continues to guide women as they pass through life stages, to help men better understand the girls and women in their lives, and to illuminate the delicate emotional machinery of a love relationship. Why are women more verbal than men? Why do women remember details of fights that men can’t remember at all? Why do women tend to form deeper bonds with their female friends than men do with their male counterparts? These and other questions have stumped both sexes throughout the ages. Now, pioneering neuropsychiatrist Louann Brizendine, M.D., brings together the latest findings to show how the unique structure of the female brain determines how women think, what they value, how they communicate, and who they love. While doing research as a medical student at Yale and then as a resident and faculty member at Harvard, Louann Brizendine discovered that almost all of the clinical data in existence on neurology, psychology, and neurobiology focused exclusively on males. In response to the overwhelming need for information on the female mind, Brizendine established the first clinic in the country to study and treat women’s brain function. In The Female Brain, Dr. Brizendine distills all her findings and the latest information from the scientific community in a highly accessible book that educates women about their unique brain/body/behavior. The result: women will come away from this book knowing that they have a lean, mean, communicating machine. Men will develop a serious case of brain envy.




The Psychology of Pro-Environmental Communication


Book Description

The environment is part of everyone's life but there are difficulties in communicating complex environmental problems, such as climate change, to a lay audience. In this book Klöckner defines environmental communication, providing a comprehensive and up-to-date analysis of the issues involved in encouraging pro-environmental behaviour.