The Brussels Effect


Book Description

For many observers, the European Union is mired in a deep crisis. Between sluggish growth; political turmoil following a decade of austerity politics; Brexit; and the rise of Asian influence, the EU is seen as a declining power on the world stage. Columbia Law professor Anu Bradford argues the opposite in her important new book The Brussels Effect: the EU remains an influential superpower that shapes the world in its image. By promulgating regulations that shape the international business environment, elevating standards worldwide, and leading to a notable Europeanization of many important aspects of global commerce, the EU has managed to shape policy in areas such as data privacy, consumer health and safety, environmental protection, antitrust, and online hate speech. And in contrast to how superpowers wield their global influence, the Brussels Effect - a phrase first coined by Bradford in 2012- absolves the EU from playing a direct role in imposing standards, as market forces alone are often sufficient as multinational companies voluntarily extend the EU rule to govern their global operations. The Brussels Effect shows how the EU has acquired such power, why multinational companies use EU standards as global standards, and why the EU's role as the world's regulator is likely to outlive its gradual economic decline, extending the EU's influence long into the future.




Diversity in European Marketing


Book Description

This case book offers a non-traditional issue-centered perspective to European marketing. Focusing on some of the key challenges faced by managers charged with developing pan-European marketing strategies, marketing problems are placed into the context of these challenges and capture the multiple facets and implications for European marketing in an integrative manner.




Unfair Competition Law


Book Description

The book delineates, with extraordinary clarity and precision, the working of unfair competition law throughout the European Union. Its four comprehensive chapters encompass: basic considerations of definition, subject matter, enforcement, and applicable law: international provisions under the Paris convention, TRIPS, and WIPO model law; analysis of relevant EC directives and regulations and ECJ jurisprudence; and extensive discussions of the national unfair competition laws of all 25 Member States. For each Member State, specific topics covered include such considerations as the following: sources of law; competition law in a nutshell; regulation of advertising; direct marketing; sales promotion; risk of confusion; disparagement, defamation; misappropriation, imitation; impediment of competitors; and breach of the law. The author also provides a selected bibliography of sources for each country. It would be difficult to find a more useful analysis of European Unfair Competition Law than this systematic study. It is practical, thorough, clarifying, and readable, all at the same time. The author untangles the most complex of apparent contradictions with impressive skill. Copies of this book will quickly take their places on the working shelves of interested practitioners, academics, and officials throughout Europe.




Against the Referendum


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Dietary Supplements


Book Description




GDPR: Personal Data Protection in the European Union


Book Description

GDPR: Personal Data Protection in the European Union Mariusz Krzysztofek Personal data protection has become one of the central issues in any understanding of the current world system. In this connection, the European Union (EU) has created the most sophisticated regime currently in force with the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) (EU) 2016/679. Following the GDPR’s recent reform – the most extensive since the first EU laws in this area were adopted and implemented into the legal orders of the Member States – this book offers a comprehensive discussion of all principles of personal data processing, obligations of data controllers, and rights of data subjects, providing a thorough, up-to-date account of the legal and practical aspects of personal data protection in the EU. Coverage includes the recent Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) judgment on data transfers and new or updated data protection authorities’ guidelines in the EU Member States. Among the broad spectrum of aspects of the subject covered are the following: – right to privacy judgments of the CJEU and the European Court of Human Rights; – scope of the GDPR and its key definitions, key principles of personal data processing; – legal bases for the processing of personal data; – direct and digital marketing, cookies, and online behavioural advertising; – processing of personal data of employees; – sensitive data and criminal records; – information obligation & privacy notices; – data subjects rights; – data controller, joint controllers, and processors; – data protection by design and by default, data security measures, risk-based approach, records of personal data processing activities, notification of a personal data breach to the supervisory authority and communication to the data subject, data protection impact assessment, codes of conduct and certification; – Data Protection Officer; – transfers of personal data to non-EU/EEA countries; and – privacy in the Internet and surveillance age. Because the global scale and evolution of information technologies have changed the data processing environment and brought new challenges, and because many non-EU jurisdictions have adopted equivalent regimes or largely analogous regulations, the book will be of great usefulness worldwide. Multinational corporations and their customers and contractors will benefit enormously from consulting and using this book, especially in conducting case law, guidelines and best practices formulated by European data protection authorities. For lawyers and academics researching or advising clients on this area, this book provides an indispensable source of practical guidance and information for many years to come.




Competition in Energy Markets


Book Description

Recent years have seen a major growth in the European law concerning the operation of the energy industry, especially with respect to electricity and gas. Several directives have been adopted that are aimed at the promotion of competition in this key sector of the European economy. At thesame time, the jurisprudence of the European Court had developed further on matters such as access to networks, import and export monopolies and security of supply.In this book the authors examine the principal legislation, Treaty provisions and decisions of the Court of Justice and Court of First Instance of the EU as they related to the promotion of competition in European energy markets. In particular, two chapters are devoted to a detailed analysis of theprovisions of the two directives that set out common rules for the creation of an internal market in the electricity and gas sectors. In each case, the analysis is set in the context of the various programmes of energy market liberalization and privatization in the Member States, which aresummarized in this book. However, the authors also take the wider pan-European context into account, explaining the requirements and the implications of the European Economic Area Agreement, the Energy Charter Treaty and the Europe Agreements with countries of Central and Eastern Europe.The approach adopted by the authors is both analytical and historical. They locate the legislation in the context of the EU Internal Market programme that began in the late 1980s and explain the roles played by the various parties (energy industries, consumers and EU institutions) in shaping thefinal legislation. Importantly, they explain how the framework character of the energy directives has led to further important rule-making in the implementation of the directives across the EU. They conclude that a co-ordinated response between the European Commission and the national regulatorswill be essential to resolve problems arising in the transition to a competitive energy market in the EU.




Media Freedom and Pluralism


Book Description

Addresses a critical analysis of major media policies in the European Union and Council of Europe at the period of profound changes affecting both media environments and use, as well as the logic of media policy-making and reconfiguration of traditional regulatory models. The analytical problem-related approach seems to better reflect a media policy process as an interrelated part of European integration, formation of European citizenship, and exercise of communication rights within the European communicative space. The question of normative expectations is to be compared in this case with media policy rationales, mechanisms of implementation (transposing rules from EU to national levels), and outcomes.




Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) Guidelines


Book Description

This title combines all of the human and veterinary Regulations, Directives and guidance for medicinal products used by the pharmaceutical industry as their main source when manufacturing and distributing medicinal products in the European Union.