The Concept of Defense Mechanisms in Contemporary Psychology


Book Description

What is the scientific status and the "truth value" of the concept of defense mechanisms? Among contemporary psychologists, three types of answers to this question may be expected. Some would wholeheartedly endorse the theoretical, clinical, and research value of this notion; others would reject it outright. Between these two extremes, a large number of observers, perhaps the majority, would suspend their judgment. Their attitude, compounded of hope and doubt, would capitalize on defense as an interesting and promising concept. At the same time, these psy chologists would express skepticism and disappointment over its clinical limitations, theoretical ambiguity, and research failures. The present volume is primarily addressed to the audience of hopeful skeptics-those who have not given up on the notion of defense, yet have been frustrated by the difficulties of incorporating it into the modern, streamlined structure of psychology. To this end, we have brought together theoretical and empirical contributions germane to defense together with reports about their applications to clinical and personality assessment, especially in relation to psychopathology, psychosomatics, and psycho therapeutic intervention.




Coping and Adaptation


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Fear of Success


Book Description

Nought's had, all's spent, Where our desire is got without content: 'Tis safer to be that which we destroy Than by destruction dwell in doubtful joy. So speaks Lady Macbeth upon the attainment of the aim of her ambition (act 3, scene 2). Is this expression of a fear of success the consequence of the highly competitive arena in which she is striving to achieve? Will this sentiment later lead to the avoidance of this or other forms of success? Does she fear success because she is a woman? While the fear and avoidance of success are ideas that are not new to psychology or to human behavior, recent work by Matina Homer has excited great interest in the psychological measure of a personal disposition to avoid success and a behavioral measure of that avoidance. It is with this recent wave of research and writing that Part II of this book is concerned. Great personal interest was stimulated in the "fear of success" concept. It is not only the hypochondriacs who find in the idea of a "fear of success" syndrome an explanation for the course of their lives. In Part I are presented the earlier forms which the concept of "fear of success" took, especially in psychoanalytic theory and per sonality theory, originating with Freud's discussion of "those wrecked by success," but citing some of the much older cultural traditions involving a fear and/or avoidance of success.




Research Bulletin


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Affect and Memory


Book Description

Affect and Memory: A Reformulation presents the hypothetical concepts involved in understanding the affect-memory relationship from a new perspective. The text first covers the relevance of affect in memory, and then proceeds to discussing the stages in memory process, along with the limitation of previous research on the subject. In the second chapter, the book details the problem in the affect-memory relationship. The third chapter presents the main characteristics of ""the intensity of perceived affect hypothesis."" The next two chapters detail empirical studies that provide evidence of the role of intensity of perceived affect in selective memory. The last chapter of the text talks about the integrative framework that explains the diverse findings stemming from contemporary work, and provides a guide to upcoming experimental research in the area of affect and selective memory. The book will be of great interest to researchers and practitioners of psychology, psychiatry, and neurology.