Fatigue and Fracture of Fibre Metal Laminates


Book Description

This book contributes to the field of hybrid technology, describing the current state of knowledge concerning the hybrid material concept of laminated metallic and composite sheets for primary aeronautical structural applications. It is the only book to date on fatigue and fracture of fibre metal laminates (FMLs). The first section of the book provides a general background of the FML technology, highlighting the major FML types developed and studied over the past decades in conjunction with an overview of industrial developments based on filed patents. In turn, the second section discusses the mechanical response to quasi-static loading, together with the fracture phenomena during quasi-static and cyclic loading. To consider the durability aspects related to strength justification and certification of primary aircraft structures, the third section discusses thermal aspects related to FMLs and their mechanical response to various environmental and acoustic conditions.




On Subsurface Crack Growth in Fibre Metal Laminate Materials


Book Description

Fatigue crack growth in fibre metal laminates (FMLs) is significantly more complex than in monolithic materials due to the interaction of various physical mechanisms that govern the growth of cracks in laminates. Extensive research has gone into the development of analytical models that try to predict the growth of surface and through-cracks in the FML Glare under fatigue loading. To date, less emphasis has been placed on developing fatigue crack growth models for part through cracks. These part through cracks exhibit different rates of growth for each layer of the laminate based upon differing stress levels and delamination zone sizes. To better predict the residual strength of FML structures, understanding the behavior of subsurface crack growth is required. For this reason, data of crack growth rates for layers of various laminates were compared to an analytical fatigue crack growth model developed for surface cracks in a specific type of FML, Glare. This paper gives an initial assessment of the model's veracity for subsurface crack growth.




Composite Joints and Connections


Book Description

The growing use of composites over metals for structural applications has made a thorough understanding of the behaviour of composite joints in various applications essential for engineers, but has also presented them with a new set of problems. Composite joints and connections addresses these differences and explores the design, modelling and testing of bonded and bolted joints and connections. Part one discusses bolted joints whilst part two examines bonded joints. Chapters review reinforcement techniques and applications for composite bolted and bonded joints and investigate the causes and effects of fatigue and stress on both types of joint in various applications and environments. Topics in part one include metal hybridization, glass-reinforced aluminium (GLARE), hybrid fibre metal laminates (FML), glass fibre reinforced polymer (GFRP) and carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites. Topics in part two include calculation of strain energy release rates, simulating fracture and fatigue failure using cohesive zone models, marine and aerospace applications, advanced modelling, stress analysis of bonded patches and scarf repairs. Composite joints and connections is a valuable reference for composite manufacturers and composite component fabricators, the aerospace, automotive, shipbuilding and civil engineering industries and for anyone involved in the joining and repair of composite structures. Explores the design, modelling and testing of bonded and bolted joints and connections Reviews reinforcement techniques and applications for composite bolted and bonded joints Investigates the causes and effects of fatigue and stress on bolted and bonded joints in various applications and environments




Dynamic Deformation, Damage and Fracture in Composite Materials and Structures


Book Description

Composite materials, with their higher exposure to dynamic loads, have increasingly been used in aerospace, naval, automotive, sports and other sectors over the last few decades. Dynamic Deformation, Damage and Fracture in Composite Materials and Structures reviews various aspects of dynamic deformation, damage and fracture, mostly in composite laminates and sandwich structures, in a broad range of application fields including aerospace, automotive, defense and sports engineering. As the mechanical behavior and performance of composites varies under different dynamic loading regimes and velocities, the book is divided into sections that examine the different loading regimes and velocities. Part one examine low-velocity loading and part two looks at high-velocity loading. Part three then assesses shock and blast (i.e. contactless) events and the final part focuses on impact (contact) events. As sports applications of composites are linked to a specific subset of dynamic loading regimes, these applications are reviewed in the final part. Examines dynamic deformation and fracture of composite materials Covers experimental, analytical and numerical aspects Addresses important application areas such as aerospace, automotive, wind energy and defence, with a special section on sport applications




Fatigue of Structures and Materials


Book Description

Fatigue of structures and materials covers a wide scope of different topics. The purpose of the present book is to explain these topics, to indicate how they can be analyzed, and how this can contribute to the designing of fatigue resistant structures and to prevent structural fatigue problems in service. Chapter 1 gives a general survey of the topic with brief comments on the signi?cance of the aspects involved. This serves as a kind of a program for the following chapters. The central issues in this book are predictions of fatigue properties and designing against fatigue. These objectives cannot be realized without a physical and mechanical understanding of all relevant conditions. In Chapter 2 the book starts with basic concepts of what happens in the material of a structure under cyclic loads. It illustrates the large number of variables which can affect fatigue properties and it provides the essential background knowledge for subsequent chapters. Different subjects are presented in the following main parts: • Basic chapters on fatigue properties and predictions (Chapters 2–8) • Load spectra and fatigue under variable-amplitude loading (Chapters 9–11) • Fatigue tests and scatter (Chapters 12 and 13) • Special fatigue conditions (Chapters 14–17) • Fatigue of joints and structures (Chapters 18–20) • Fiber-metal laminates (Chapter 21) Each chapter presents a discussion of a speci?c subject.




ICAF 2009, Bridging the Gap between Theory and Operational Practice


Book Description

The 31st Conference and the 25th Symposium of the International Committee on Aeronautical Fatigue will be hosted in Rotterdam, The Netherlands, by the National Aerospace Laboratory NLR, under the auspices of the Netherlands Association of Aeronautical Engineers NVvL, the Technical University of Delft and Stork Fokker AESP B.V. These Proceedings will consist of reviews of aeronautical fatigue activities presented by the national delegates of the 14 member nations of ICAF. It will also contain specialist papers presented by international authors with design, manufacturing, airworthiness regulations, operations and research backgrounds. The papers will be based on the theme “Bridging the gap between theory and operational practice”.










Predicting Interlaminar Fatigue Crack Growth Rates in Compressively Loaded Laminates


Book Description

The fatigue crack growth rates of delaminations under mixed mode (I and II) loading conditions were investigated. Double cracked-lap-shear specimens were used to obtain da/dN versus ?G data for AS4/3501-6 graphite/epoxy. This, together with previously reported results for pure mode I and mode II made it possible to establish a mixed mode fatigue criterion. The validity of these findings was then tested by using them to predict the growth rates of through-the-width delaminations in laminates subject to constant amplitude compressive loadings. Symmetric honeycomb sandwich specimens with delaminations located at a depth of four, six, eight, or ten plies beneath the surface were loaded in compression at 2.5 Hz, and the fatigue crack growth rates were determined. The experimental results were generally in good agreement with the predicted behavior although fiber bridging and load-induced crack closure resulted in predicted rates being too high in some cases.