The World Computer


Book Description

In The World Computer Jonathan Beller forcefully demonstrates that the history of commodification generates information itself. Out of the omnipresent calculus imposed by commodification, information emerges historically as a new money form. Investigating its subsequent financialization of daily life and colonization of semiotics, Beller situates the development of myriad systems for quantifying the value of people, objects, and affects as endemic to racial capitalism and computation. Built on oppression and genocide, capital and its technical result as computation manifest as racial formations, as do the machines and software of social mediation that feed racial capitalism and run on social difference. Algorithms, derived from for-profit management strategies, conscript all forms of expression—language, image, music, communication—into the calculus of capital such that even protest may turn a profit. Computational media function for the purpose of extraction rather than ameliorating global crises, and financialize every expressive act, converting each utterance into a wager. Repairing this ecology of exploitation, Beller contends, requires decolonizing information and money, and the scripting of futures wagered by the cultural legacies and claims of those in struggle.




How the World Computes


Book Description

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Turing Centenary Conference and the 8th Conference on Computability in Europe, CiE 2012, held in Cambridge, UK, in June 2012. The 53 revised papers presented together with 6 invited lectures were carefully reviewed and selected with an acceptance rate of under 29,8%. The CiE 2012 Turing Centenary Conference will be remembered as a historic event in the continuing development of the powerful explanatory role of computability across a wide spectrum of research areas. The papers presented at CiE 2012 represent the best of current research in the area, and forms a fitting tribute to the short but brilliant trajectory of Alan Mathison Turing. Both the conference series and the association promote the development of computability-related science, ranging over mathematics, computer science and applications in various natural and engineering sciences such as physics and biology, and also including the promotion of related non-scientific fields such as philosophy and history of computing.




Artificial Unintelligence


Book Description

A guide to understanding the inner workings and outer limits of technology and why we should never assume that computers always get it right. In Artificial Unintelligence, Meredith Broussard argues that our collective enthusiasm for applying computer technology to every aspect of life has resulted in a tremendous amount of poorly designed systems. We are so eager to do everything digitally—hiring, driving, paying bills, even choosing romantic partners—that we have stopped demanding that our technology actually work. Broussard, a software developer and journalist, reminds us that there are fundamental limits to what we can (and should) do with technology. With this book, she offers a guide to understanding the inner workings and outer limits of technology—and issues a warning that we should never assume that computers always get things right. Making a case against technochauvinism—the belief that technology is always the solution—Broussard argues that it's just not true that social problems would inevitably retreat before a digitally enabled Utopia. To prove her point, she undertakes a series of adventures in computer programming. She goes for an alarming ride in a driverless car, concluding “the cyborg future is not coming any time soon”; uses artificial intelligence to investigate why students can't pass standardized tests; deploys machine learning to predict which passengers survived the Titanic disaster; and attempts to repair the U.S. campaign finance system by building AI software. If we understand the limits of what we can do with technology, Broussard tells us, we can make better choices about what we should do with it to make the world better for everyone.




How the World Computes


Book Description

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Turing Centenary Conference and the 8th Conference on Computability in Europe, CiE 2012, held in Cambridge, UK, in June 2012. The 53 revised papers presented together with 6 invited lectures were carefully reviewed and selected with an acceptance rate of under 29,8%. The CiE 2012 Turing Centenary Conference will be remembered as a historic event in the continuing development of the powerful explanatory role of computability across a wide spectrum of research areas. The papers presented at CiE 2012 represent the best of current research in the area, and forms a fitting tribute to the short but brilliant trajectory of Alan Mathison Turing. Both the conference series and the association promote the development of computability-related science, ranging over mathematics, computer science and applications in various natural and engineering sciences such as physics and biology, and also including the promotion of related non-scientific fields such as philosophy and history of computing.




Computers in Our World, Today and Tomorrow


Book Description

Describes the roles of computers, now and in the future, in the spheres of medicine, business and government, law enforcement, science and technology, entertainment, education, and the home. Includes a glossary of terms.




Alan Turing's Electronic Brain


Book Description

Rev. ed. of: Alan Turing's automatic computing engine / edited by B. Jack Copeland.




Digitized


Book Description

"[The author] explores how [computer science] grew from its theoretical conception by pioneers such as Turing, through its growth spurts in the Internet, its difficult adolescent stage where the promises of AI were never achieved and dot-com bubble burst, to its current stage as a (semi)mature field, now capable of remarkable achievements."--Publisher's description.




Computers and the World of the Future


Book Description

Writers including Vannevar Bush and Herbert A. Simon discuss the impact of the computer in its first twenty years. Writers discuss the extraordinary growth of the computer in its first twenty years and its use in fields as diverse as medicine and economics, management and physics. Employed in areas once thought to be exclusively the province of the human mind, the computer rendered profound changes in the traditional ways and means of decision making. Contributors C.P. Snow, Walter A. Rosenblith, Norbert Wiener, Vannevar Bush, Herbert A. Simon, Howard W. Johnson, Marvin L. Minsky, Peter Elias, J. C. R. Licklider, Elting E. Morison, Philip M. Morse, Jay W. Forrester, Grace M. Hopper, Alan J. Perlis, John R. Pierce, Robert C. Sprague, Claude E. Shannon, Charles C. Holt, John G. Kemeny, Donald J. Marquis, Gene M. Amdahl, Sidney S. Alexander, Robert M. Fano, and others




The Closed World


Book Description

The Closed World offers a radically new alternative to the canonical histories of computers and cognitive science. Arguing that we can make sense of computers as tools only when we simultaneously grasp their roles as metaphors and political icons, Paul Edwards shows how Cold War social and cultural contexts shaped emerging computer technology--and were transformed, in turn, by information machines. The Closed World explores three apparently disparate histories--the history of American global power, the history of computing machines, and the history of subjectivity in science and culture--through the lens of the American political imagination. In the process, it reveals intimate links between the military projects of the Cold War, the evolution of digital computers, and the origins of cybernetics, cognitive psychology, and artificial intelligence. Edwards begins by describing the emergence of a "closed-world discourse" of global surveillance and control through high-technology military power. The Cold War political goal of "containment" led to the SAGE continental air defense system, Rand Corporation studies of nuclear strategy, and the advanced technologies of the Vietnam War. These and other centralized, computerized military command and control projects--for containing world-scale conflicts--helped closed-world discourse dominate Cold War political decisions. Their apotheosis was the Reagan-era plan for a " Star Wars" space-based ballistic missile defense. Edwards then shows how these military projects helped computers become axial metaphors in psychological theory. Analyzing the Macy Conferences on cybernetics, the Harvard Psycho-Acoustic Laboratory, and the early history of artificial intelligence, he describes the formation of a "cyborg discourse." By constructing both human minds and artificial intelligences as information machines, cyborg discourse assisted in integrating people into the hyper-complex technological systems of the closed world. Finally, Edwards explores the cyborg as political identity in science fiction--from the disembodied, panoptic AI of 2001: A Space Odyssey, to the mechanical robots of Star Wars and the engineered biological androids of Blade Runner--where Information Age culture and subjectivity were both reflected and constructed. Inside Technology series




Computers, Pattern, Chaos and Beauty


Book Description

Fractals and chaos theory lead to startling graphics in this book by a renowned scientist, inventor, and artist, who coordinates information from disparate fields. Over 275 illustrations, 29 in color.