Imaging Spectrometry -- a Tool for Environmental Observations


Book Description

The technique of imaging spectrometry has now passed its infancy and entered into a new phase of application oriented research. Advanced sensor systems (such as Nasa/JPL's AVIRIS) have become available for international research programmes (MAC Europe 1991), new imaging spectrometers are under development in several European countries or have already passed their acceptance tests, and first high spectral resolution imaging systems are already operated by private industry. On European level, the EARSEC programme of the Joint Research Centre has provided considerable financial investments for the development of an imaging spectrometer which covers the reflective and important parts of the emissive spectrum (DAIS-7915), and the European Space Agency has initiated an important airborne remote sensing campaign (EMAC 1994/95) in which imaging spectrometry will constitute one of the most important components. The increasing sensor capabilities also reflect the fact that imaging spectrometry has advanced in many application fields of earth remote sensing. Progress has been made in the development of data pre-proeessing methods, spectral signature modeling and semi-empirical approaches for retrieving surface parameters. It therefore appeared important to further disseminate information about new approaches in the application-oriented analysis of imaging spectrometry data. This volume presents the lectures of the second EUROCOURSE on imaging spectrometry which was held in November 1992 at the Joint Research Centre (a first course on "Fundamentals and Prospective Applications" of imaging spectrometry had been organised in October 1989, the lectures being published as EUROCOURSES in Remote Sensing, vol. 2).




Imaging Spectrometry -- a Tool for Environmental Observations


Book Description

The technique of imaging spectrometry has now passed its infancy and entered a new phase of application-oriented research. Advanced sensor systems have become available for international research programmes, new imaging spectrometers are under development in several European countries or have already passed their acceptance tests, and first high spectral resolution imaging systems are already being operated by private industry. On a European level, the EARSEC programme of the Joint Research Centre has provided considerable financial investment for the development of an imaging spectrometer which covers the reflective and important parts of the emission spectrum, and the European Space Agency has initiated an important airborne remote sensing campaign in which imaging spectrometry will constitute one of the most important components. Progress has also been made in the development of data preprocessing methods, spectral signature modelling and semiempirical approaches to the retrieval of surface parameters. This volume presents the lectures of the second Eurocourse on imaging spectrometry which was held in November 1992 at the Joint Research Centre. The book completes the information on the principles of imaging spectrometry and, at the same time, emphasises the presentation of further application-oriented case studies. Selected topics include the assessment of terrestrial ecosystems (vegetation, agriculture, soil erosion and inland water quality). The contributions have been written by invited experts from universities and research institutes in Europe and the United States.




Imaging Spectrometry


Book Description

A significant step forward in the world of earth observation was made with the development of imaging spectrometry. Imaging spectrometers measure reflected solar radiance from the earth in many narrow spectral bands. Such a spectroscopical imaging system is capable of detecting subtle absorption bands in the reflectance spectra and measure the reflectance spectra of various objects with a very high accuracy. As a result, imaging spectrometry enables a better identification of objects at the earth surface and a better quantification of the object properties than can be achieved by traditional earth observation sensors such as Landsat TM and SPOT. The various chapters in the book present the concepts of imaging spectrometry by discussing the underlying physics and the analytical image processing techniques. The second part of the book presents in detail a wide variety of applications of these new techniques ranging from mineral identification, mapping of expansive soils, land degradation, agricultural crops, natural vegetation and surface water quality. Additional information on extras.springer.com Sample hyperspectral remote sensing data sets and ENVI viewing software (Freelook) are available on http://extras.springer.com




Geospatial Technologies for Land Degradation Assessment and Management


Book Description

The constant growth of the world’s population and the decline of the availability of land and soil resources are global concerns for food security. Other concerns are the decrease in productivity and delivery of essential ecosystems services because of the decline of soil quality and health by a range of degradation processes. Key soil properties like soil bulk density, organic carbon concentration, plant available water capacity, infiltration rate, air porosity at field moisture capacity, and nutrient reserves, are crucial properties for soil functionality which refers to the capacity of soil to perform numerous functions. These functions are difficult to measure directly and are estimated through indices of soil quality and soil health. Soil degradation, its extent and severity, can also be estimated by assessing indices of soil quality and health. "Geospatial Technology for Land Degradation Assessment and Management" uses satellite imagery and remote sensing technologies to measure landscape parameters and terrain attributes. Remote sensing and geospatial technologies are important tools in assessing the extent and the severity of land and soil degradation, their temporal changes, and geospatial distribution in a timely and cost-effective manner. The knowledge presented in the book by Dr. R.S. Dwivedi shows how remote sensing data can be utilized for inventorying, assessing, and monitoring affected ecosystems and how this information can be integrated in the models of different local settings. Through many land degradations studies, land managers, researchers, and policymakers will find practical applications of geospatial technologies and future challenges. The information presented is also relevant to advancing the Sustainable Development Goals of the United Nations towards global food security.




Precision agriculture


Book Description

Precision Agriculture presents the latest scientific results from worldwide research, field studies and practical application. The book contains peer-reviewed papers that were presented at the 4th European Conference on Precision Agriculture. The papers focus on precision agriculture research containing interdisciplinary site analysis, integrative measures and management strategies as well as on practical applications. The economic and environmental effects of implementing the precision agriculture concept are featured in many of them. The unique feature of the fourth conference was that it was held in parallel with the 1st European Conference on Precision Livestock Farming - the links between both technologies were drawn and the possible interactions between them were shown for the first time. The potential is to integrate both technologies to encompass the whole farm. Peer-reviewed papers from the Precision Livestock conference are presented in a companion proceedings, Precision Livestock Farming.







Remote Sensing and Climate Modeling: Synergies and Limitations


Book Description

1 2 Michel M. VERSTRAETE and Martin BENISTON 1 Space Applications Institute, EC Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy 2 Department of Geography, University of Fribourg, Switzerland This volume contains the proceedings ofthe workshop entitled “Satellite Remote Sensing and Climate Simulations: Synergies and Limitations” that took place in Les Diablerets, Switzerland, September 20–24, 1999. This international scientific conference aimed at addressing the current and pot- tial role of satellite remote sensing in climate modeling, with a particular focus on land surface processes and atmospheric aerosol characterization. Global and regional circulation models incorporate our knowledge ofthe dynamics ofthe Earth's atmosphere. They are used to predict the evolution of the weather and climate. Mathematically, this system is represented by a set ofpartial differential equations whose solution requires initial and bo- dary conditions. Limitations in the accuracy and geographical distribution of these constraints, and intrinsic mathematical sensitivity to these conditions do not allow the identification of a unique solution (prediction). Additional observations on the climate system are thus used to constrain the forecasts of the mathematical model to remain close to the observed state ofthe system.




Remote Sensing '96: Integrated Applications for Risk Assessment and Disaster Prevention for the Mediterranean


Book Description

This collection of symposium papers covers such topics as: environmental change; desertification; rainfall; erosion and geomorphological hazards; and land degradation and marine pollution. Other presentations dealt with practical applications of remote sensing and geographic information systems.




Forests, Water and People in the Humid Tropics


Book Description

Forests, Water and People in the Humid Tropics is a comprehensive review of the hydrological and physiological functioning of tropical rain forests, the environmental impacts of their disturbance and conversion to other land uses, and optimum strategies for managing them. The book brings together leading specialists in such diverse fields as tropical anthropology and human geography, environmental economics, climatology and meteorology, hydrology, geomorphology, plant and aquatic ecology, forestry and conservation agronomy. The editors have supplemented the individual contributions with invaluable overviews of the main sections and provide key pointers for future research. Specialists will find authenticated detail in chapters written by experts on a whole range of people-water-land use issues, managers and practitioners will learn more about the implications of ongoing and planned forest conversion, while scientists and students will appreciate a unique review of the literature.