Book Description
Intellectural property, biotechnology, genetic resources, government policies.
Author : R. S. Crespi
Publisher : OECD
Page : 96 pages
File Size : 32,3 MB
Release : 1996
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN :
Intellectural property, biotechnology, genetic resources, government policies.
Author : R. Stephen Crespi
Publisher :
Page : 88 pages
File Size : 15,16 MB
Release : 1996-12-01
Category :
ISBN : 9780788174742
Based primarily on responses to an Org. for Economic Cooperation & Development (OECD) questionnaire, this report reviews current practices & policies on intellectual property, technology transfer, & access to genetic resources, in an attempt to better understand the links between these topics. The analysis also takes into account much published legal & scientific literature commentary in relation to genetic resources. Includes a discussion of intellectual property & genetic resources in the new international context, an outline of the basic issues, country responses to the questionnaire & comments on the responses, & conclusions.
Author : World Intellectual Property Organization
Publisher : WIPO
Page : 56 pages
File Size : 36,20 MB
Release : 2020-07-08
Category : Law
ISBN : 9280525875
General information on the interface between intellectual property (IP) and traditional knowledge (TK), traditional cultural expressions (TCEs), and genetic resources (GRs). It briefly addresses the most important questions that arise when considering the role that IP principles and systems can play in protecting TK and TCEs from misappropriation, and in generating and equitably sharing benefits from their commercialization, and the role of IP in access to and benefit sharing in GRs.
Author : Graham Dutfield
Publisher : Earthscan
Page : 240 pages
File Size : 41,25 MB
Release : 2000
Category : Law
ISBN : 1849776237
This text examines the international agreements governing trade in genetic resources - crucial resources for world agriculture, food security and large industries such as pharmaceuticals. Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) in these resources are critical for those involved in the trade, including industry and developing countries. The book analyzes the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), World Trade Organization agreements and other agreements. It explains how they can be integrated into an equitable training regime.
Author : K. Elaine Hoagland
Publisher : Natural Science Collections Alliance
Page : 368 pages
File Size : 21,81 MB
Release : 1997
Category : Law
ISBN :
Sponsored by U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, and the Association of Systematics Collections.
Author : OECD
Publisher : OECD Publishing
Page : 112 pages
File Size : 12,45 MB
Release : 2003-01-21
Category :
ISBN : 9264034730
Few topics in the life sciences today provoke as much debate as the availability of patent protection on "genetic inventions". Some hold that protection is essential to encourage innovation and development of new products. Others argue that patents ...
Author : Graham Dutfield
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 277 pages
File Size : 20,83 MB
Release : 2010-09-23
Category : Nature
ISBN : 1136536272
Biogenetic resources - the critical biological and chemical materials that underpin so much of medicine, both modern and traditional, agriculture, and wider economic activity in so many fields - are at the centre of heated debate regarding their use, development, and ownership, and the issues of ethics and equity that impinge on all of these factors. This book is a comprehensive examination of the key issues, institutions and ideologies in this area, presenting definitions and explanations of the fundamentals of intellectual property rights (IPRs), biogenetic resources and traditional knowledge. It uses the insights from this to build a picture of how these factors interact in practice, bringing to the surface issues such as: the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity, benefit sharing from the commercial use of biodiversity, biotechnological innovation and the transfer of technology, agriculture, food security, rural development, health and international justice. Part 1 describes the relevant international IPR laws, highlights the extent to which modern commerce depends on such resources, and traces the way in which modern IPR law has evolved to accommodate this dependence. Part 2 shows how stronger IPR protection in the area of life science innovation has given rise to controversies such as 'biopiracy', 'terminator' genes and genetic uniformity. Part 3 focuses on traditional knowledge, its nature, its importance, and the applicability of IPR-style protection. Part 4 covers the international negotiation and policy-making of the WTO, WIPO and CBD and the legislative initiatives of national governments of Asia, Africa and Latin America. Finally, Part 5 focuses on two developing country case studies - of India and Kenya - assessing whether they will be able to gain economic benefit from development of their natural resources within the current regulatory system and whether this will encourage the conservation and sustainable use of the resource base. With its multidisciplinary approach and breadth of coverage, this book will appeal both to those new to the subject and to those with professional and specialist interest, including students, academics, legal practitioners, government policy-makers and the private sector.
Author : Jeroen van Wijk
Publisher : DIANE Publishing
Page : 131 pages
File Size : 21,27 MB
Release : 1998-06
Category : Intellectual property
ISBN : 0788170716
The proceedings of a seminar on the impact of plant breeders' rights in developing countries. Includes: the results of a study on plant breeders' rights in five Latin American countries; update of a 1983 study on plant breeders' rights in the U.S.; testing distinctness, uniformity & stability for plant variety protection; farmers' privilege, breeders' exemption & the essentially derived varieties concept; licensing of protected plant varieties -- international practice; possible effects of recent developments in plant-related intellectual property protection in Europe & the U.S.; & intellectual property rights & agriculture -- strategies & policies for developing countries.
Author : Charles Lawson
Publisher : Routledge Research in Intellectual Property
Page : 262 pages
File Size : 36,7 MB
Release : 2018
Category : Biodiversity conservation
ISBN : 9781138298620
Debates about Access and Benefit Sharing (ABS) have moved on in recent years. An initial focus on the legal obligations established by international agreements like the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity and the form of obligations for collecting physical biological materials have now moved to a far more complex series of disputes and challenges about the ways ABS should be implemented and enforced: repatriation of resources, technology transfer, traditional knowledge and cultural expressions; open access to information and knowledge, naming conventions, farmers' rights, new schemes for accessing pandemic viruses and sharing DNA sequences, and so on. Unfortunately, most of this debate is now crystallised into apparently intractable discussions such as implementing the certificates of origin, recognising traditional knowledge and traditional cultural expression as a form of intellectual property, and sovereignty for Indigenous peoples. Not everything in this new marketplace of ABS has been created de novo. Like most new entrants, ABS has disrupted existing legal and governance arrangements. This collection of chapters examines what is new, what has been changed, and what might be changed in response to the growing acceptance and prevalence of ABS of genetic resources. Biodiversity, Genetic Resources and Intellectual Property: Developments in Access and Benefit Sharing of Genetic Resources addresses current issues arising from recent developments in the enduring and topical debates about managing genetic resources through the ABS regime. The book explores key historical, doctrinal, and theoretical issues in the field, at the same time developing new ideas and perspectives around ABS. It shows the latest state of knowledge and will be of interest to researchers, academics, policymakers, and students in the fields of intellectual property, governance, biodiversity and conservation, sustainable development, and agriculture.
Author : Fran Humphries
Publisher :
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 16,2 MB
Release : 2017
Category :
ISBN :
Aquatic genetic resources are one of the last frontiers for bioprospecting and an important resource for global food security. Genetic resources within national jurisdiction are presently governed by a complex matrix of access and benefit sharing regimes including the United Nations' Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and Nagoya Protocol as well as patent laws under the World Trade Organisation's Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS). This article identifies the legal uncertainties for discharging technology transfer obligations that are shared by all three instruments, including the scope of derivatives falling within the obligations, the scope of 'use' along the research to commercialisation continuum and extraterritorial complexities. This article provides an insight into how a TRIPS-compliant patent defence framework can be used to interpret and clarify technology transfer obligations under the CBD and the Nagoya Protocol. Given that developing countries provide the majority of the world's aquaculture product, the need for a consistent approach to 'fair and equitable' technology transfer under patent and ABS regimes will become increasingly important as patents start to take hold in aquaculture.