Introduction to Thomistic Metaphysics V


Book Description

I present the fifth volume of the series entitled Introduction to Thomistic Metaphysics. In this work, I study the entity in motion. Its explanation is based on the doctrine of act and potency. Although some consider the development of this doctrine as the "essence" of Thomism, I limit myself to mentioning this opinion without participating in it. I do not see the matter so clearly. For the moment. What is certain is that, after Aristotle and St. Thomas, the problem of being and the entity cannot be studied without reference to act and potency. For being is said in various senses. And one of them is being in act and being in potency. Discuss this necessarily leads us to the motion. Or even to the change and becoming of being. That is, to the Philosophy of Nature or Physics. Although it is rather bold to divide the Philosophy of Being from the Philosophy of Nature in Aristotle, we have respected this division. The metaphysical consideration of change or motion compels the physical consideration of it. I have tried to be as clear and didactic as possible on a subject on which Aristotle was not as clear and didactic as one would wish. The interchangeable use of the terms change and motion, which he first considers distinct and then synonymous, creates some confusion. I have omitted a Prologue, considering it superfluous, and proceed directly to the topics, distributed in 8 chapters, as follows: 1-The reality of change. 2-The change. 3-The motion. 4-The matter. 5-The form. 6-Introduction to act and potency. 7-The potency. 8-The act. Finally, an Epilogue in the form of questions and answers; and Notes. The references to other authors are numerous, as is my custom.




Aquinas on Being and Essence


Book Description

In Aquinas on Being and Essence: A Translation and Interpretation, Joseph Bobik interprets the doctrines put forth by St. Thomas Aquinas in his treatise On Being and Essence. He foregrounds the meaning of the important distinction between first and second intentions, the differing uses of the term “matter,” and the Thomistic conception of metaphysics.




Introduction to Thomistic Metaphysics II


Book Description

I present the second book of the series "Introduction to Thomistic Metaphysics" in which I continue to develop the metaphysical treatise of St. Thomas Aquinas. In the first book, we explained the fundamental concepts of Metaphysics according to the Universal Doctor. In this opportunity, we will delve into two concepts: the definition of Metaphysics, in the first place. And the First Principles, in second place. The content consists of 14 chapters. Namely: 1-The philosophy of being. 2-"Beyond physics". 3-General notion of metaphysics. 4-The Thomistic Prologue in the Commentary on Aristotle's Metaphysics. 5-Metaphysics as wisdom (or First Philosophy). 6-Metaphysics as the science of separate substances (or Theodicy) 7-Metaphysics as the science of being as being (or Ontology). 8-The First Principles. 9-The hierarchy of the First Principles. 10-The Principle of Contradiction. 11-The precedence of the Principle of Contradiction. 12-The Principle of Identity. 13-The Principle of Excluded middle (or Excluded third). 14-The principle of Sufficient raison. The epilogue, written in the form of questions and answers, aims to refresh the memory of all the concepts developed. The notes are abundant and reflect the interest in the sources and qualified Thomistic authors.




A Contemporary Introduction to Thomistic Metaphysics


Book Description

A Contemporary Introduction to Metaphysics provides the reader with an introductory presentation of key themes in Thomistic metaphysics. There are many such books, but this one is, to use a phrase Michael Gorman has adopted, "analytic-facing," i.e., it presents things in dialogue with analytic philosophy. Sometimes that means disagreeing with analytic proposals (for example, possible worlds), and sometimes it means agreeing with them (for instance, making ample use of Ryle's notion of "systematically misleading expressions"). What's more, it (gently) takes a somewhat deflationary attitude towards many things metaphysicians like to talk about, such as accidents, universals, and the like. By "deflationary" Gorman means that such items are taken seriously, but their ontological status is taken down a notch: features, universals, possible worlds, and other such things are understood in terms of what substances are. Substances are "basic beings," and other things are what they are only in relation to substances. Of course this is Aristotle 101, but metaphysicians, Aristotelians included, often slip into treating non-substances as mini-substances, and Gorman pushes back against this throughout. A Contemporary Introduction to Thomistic Metaphysics begins by explaining what philosophy is, what metaphysics is, and how these relate to other kinds of thinking. It then moves through a series of topics, ending with a brief look at applications of metaphysical thinking in theology.




Introduction to Thomistic Metaphysics III


Book Description

I present the third volume of the Introduction to Thomistic Metaphysics. This time, we will deal with Being and Entity. The metaphysics of the Universal Doctor follows Aristotle but is not exhausted in him. He articulates his Aristotelianism with the contributions of Saint Augustine and, through him, of Neoplatonism; the contributions of Boethius and Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite; of his medieval Christian predecessors and of the Jewish (mainly Maimonides) and Islamic (Averroes) philosophers. Manser Gallus already taught that "the problem of being was and will remain the great problem of philosophy, the axis around which everything turns". In this sense, Saint Thomas surpassed the Stagirite. He gave way to an existential conception of Being. From an essentialist point of view, he opened the way to a reflection on existence as a full and perfect dimension of the Being. And from the Aristotelian First Immobile Mover, he passed to God, the Esse subsistens, the One who is, whose essence and existence cannot be distinguished, the pure Act. Who creates and involves himself providentially in his creation. There are many differences between Thomas and the Greek Genius. The Being par excellence is God. Everything else participates in his Being. In this sense, Thomas solved the problem of Being and reflected on Being as such and not only on the entity. The work is divided into 19 chapters. Namely: 1-introduction. - Part I: Being in Greek philosophy. 2-Heraclitus: pure becoming without being. 3-Parmenides: being without becoming. 4-Plato: the being in the ideas. 5-Aristotle: The being and the entities. Second part: Being in Saint Thomas. 6-Aristotle and Saint Thomas. 7-Epistemology. 8-Hylomorphism. 9-The being of entities. 10-Originality of the Thomistic doctrine of being. 11-The entity. 12-Being and participation. 13-Being and life. 14-The order of entities. 15-Being and acting. 16-The Transcendentals. 17-The entity is one. 18-The entity is true. 19-The entity is good. An epilogue in the form of questions and answers. And the Notes. Certainly, there is still much to say and think about this very universal notion we call Being. We do not pretend to have exhausted all its riches. Later, God willing, we will complete the exciting task of unraveling its mysteries.




Introduction to Thomistic Metaphysics VIII


Book Description

Man is metaphysically incapable of knowing the Deity, that is, the essence of God in itself. This does not mean that God cannot be known in His nature. In fact, from the entities (which are His effects) we can reach Him and, by Ways of remotion and analogy, leave ignorance behind. Even so, we will never know what God Himself is. Not even an angel can know Him as such: he too has a finite mind that knows itself to be surpassed by the divine infinitude. St. Thomas takes on the intellectual task of getting as close as possible to this essence. Thus he defines the so-called "entitative" attributes. They are the perfections that are directly related to the Being of God. This is the subject of the present book. The "operative" attributes, which constitute the interior life of God, will remain for the next volume. By studying both, we will obtain the greatest knowledge of the divine essence that reason can have. This volume consists of sixteen chapters, an epilogue, and abundant notes. The chapters are distributed as follows: 1-Way of remotion. 2-The attributes of God. 3-How we know God. 4-The names of God. 5-God is eternal. 6-God is simple. 7-God is not a body. 8-God is his own essence. 9-God is perfect. 10-God is infinite. 11-God is immutable. 12-God is unique. 13-God is immense. 14-God is good. 15-God is truth. 16-Pantheism. St. Thomas expounds his doctrine mainly in Summa contra Gentiles and in Summa Theologica with abundant arguments. They are two very rich works that reflect Aquinas's proverbial capacity for reflection and response.




Introduction to Thomistic Metaphysics VI


Book Description

I present the sixth volume of the Introduction to Thomistic Metaphysics. On this occasion, I deal with the topic of Essence and Existence. The distinguishing feature of Aquinas' metaphysics, as compared to Aristotle's, lies precisely in the approach and resolution of this matter. Whereas Aristotle relied on substance (ousia) to explain being, St. Thomas relies on the act of existing (esse) which, in composition with essence (essentia), gives the entity the fullness of being: existence. This thesis is controversial even within Thomism. The eminent French philosopher Etienne Gilson played a decisive role in teaching this doctrine. His contributions have made it possible to rediscover the Angelic Doctor's thought, generating a legitimate advance faithful to the Thomistic tradition. The topics are divided into 12 chapters preceded by an Introduction, as follows: 1-De ente et essentia. 2-Essence and existence in Aristotle. 3-Islamic philosophy. 4-Thomistic essence: definition. 5-Thomistic essence in compound substances. 6-Thomistic essence in simple substances. 7-The two modes of the essence in simple substances. 8-Essence in accidents. 9-Thomistic act of existing (actus essendi): definition. 10-The real distinction essence-existence. 11-The form and the actus essendi. 12-God. I add at the end an Epilogue and corresponding Notes. References to recognized authors are numerous, as always.




Introduction to Thomistic Metaphysics IV


Book Description

I am delighted to present the fourth volume in the series titled Introduction to Thomistic Metaphysics. This book delves into two pivotal topics: the doctrine of Analogy and Categories. Aristotle, a trailblazing philosopher, was the first to apply analogy (originating from mathematics) to Metaphysics, resulting in significant epistemological advancements. This development paved the way for Heidegger to assert that Aristotle had established Metaphysics on an entirely new foundation compared to Platonism. Analogy serves as the method of knowledge that enabled Aquinas to transcend human reason and explore the mysteries of the supernatural order. In this regard, he surpassed Aristotle, who could not progress beyond "Being-in-entity." Aquinas skillfully advanced towards God through analogy, identifying "Being-in-itself" as subsistent Being in God Himself-distinct from an entity. Turning to Categories, we delve into the study of substance and predicamental accidents. While Aristotle emphasized the close entity-substance connection, even equating entity with the first substance, St. Thomas introduced his unique perspective. He recognized that it's the act of being or existing (esse) that brings substantial essence to life by perfecting it, imparting existence, and allowing it to transition from mere extramental existence to tangible reality. Aquinas thus advances beyond Aristotle's essentialist Metaphysics to an existential Metaphysics-one where essence exists in concrete reality. In this volume, I have omitted a Prologue as I found it redundant. Instead, I launch directly into the content, organized into 17 chapters, as follows: 1-What is analogy? 2-Analogy of attribution. 3-Analogy of proportionality. 4-Analogy of inequality. 5-The properties of analogy. 6-The analogical knowledge. 7-The analogical notion of being (or of entity or of "being a being). 8-The categories. 9-The substance (I). 10-The substance (II). 11-The accidents. 12-The quantity. 13-The principle of individuation. 14-The quality. 15-The relation. 16-Other accidents. 17-The human person. Finally, the book concludes with an Epilogue in the form of question-answer sessions and a section dedicated to Notes. As is customary, I have incorporated numerous quotations and references from esteemed authors to enrich the content.




Metaphysics


Book Description




Scholastic Metaphysics


Book Description

Scholastic Metaphysics: A Contemporary Introduction provides an overview of Scholastic approaches to causation, substance, essence, modality, identity, persistence, teleology, and other issues in fundamental metaphysics. The book interacts heavily with the literature on these issues in contemporary analytic metaphysics, so as to facilitate the analytic reader’s understanding of Scholastic ideas and the Scholastic reader’s understanding of contemporary analytic philosophy. The Aristotelian theory of actuality and potentiality provides the organizing theme, and the crucial dependence of Scholastic metaphysics on this theory is demonstrated. The book is written from a Thomistic point of view, but Scotist and Suarezian positions are treated as well where they diverge from the Thomistic position. Edward Feser is Associate Professor of Philosophy at Pasadena City College in Pasadena, California, USA. His most recent books include Aquinas and The Last Superstition: A Refutation of the New Atheism, and the edited volume Aristotle on Method and Metaphysics.