Book Description

The assumption of small changes in the inertia parameters has been used to derive approximate rotational equations of motion for arbitrary spinning spacecraft in the small angle and rate regime. Complex representations are introduced to define the rate and attitude errors produced by applied disturbances, and analytical solutions are obtained for the steady spinning mode and for the spin-up and despin mode. Solutions for the steady spinning mode consider both the uncontrolled and the controlled spacecraft motion for characteristic disturbance. These disturbances include initial errors, externally applied torques, and instantaneous and periodic mass motions within the spacecraft. The errors induced by the disturbances are described by the error component time histories and by vector traces of the complex error representations. Upper bounds of the errors are developed for the uncontrolled motion, and the required control techniques and control systems are examined for the controlled motion. Solutions for the spin-up and despin mode consider extensible spacecraft modules connected by struts or cables. Fuel consumption relations are derived for several extension techniques, and optimization of the extension techniques is shown to yield appreciable fuel savings. Comparisons of the analytical solutions and exact solutions obtained by numerical integration of the complete equations of motion are found to yield excellent agreement, and the applications of the approximate solution are illustrated for a manned orbital research laboratory and a large spinning space station.