Light microscopic techniques in biology and medicine


Book Description

Up to about twenty-five years ago, virtually the entire field of microscopy could be overseen and even practized by any active research worker. The rapid evolution which microscopy in its broadest sense has since undergone and which has contributed greatly to our insight in many fields of biological science and medicine has, however, lead to a progressive specialisation. Both experienced investigators in clinical and biological laboratories and post graduate students, confronted with a limited number of microscopic tech niques in their daily research work, have increasing difficulty in keeping (or obtaining) a general idea of the many time-honoured and new possibilities which microscopy has to offer. This book has been written with the aim of presenting general informa tion on light microscopic techniques, at a level somewhere in between booklets like those provided by microscope manufacturers (which are often too much focussed on the production program of a particular make) and very advanced treatises with a thorough mathematical treatment of all phenomena concerned. The physically oriented texts moreover often do not sufficiently take into account the practical situation in a medical or biolog ical laboratory; on the other hand, the value of really understanding what one is doing in using a microscopic technique is often underestimated. At tempt has been made, therefore, to present sufficient background informa tion necessary for a rational application of the different microscopical tech niques in their mutual relationship.




Biomedical Light Microscopy


Book Description

New interest in light microscopy of the last few years has not been backed up by adequate general literature. This book intends to fill the gap between specialized texts on detailed topics and general introductory booklets, mostly dealing with the use of the conventional light microscope only. In this short textbook both new developments in microscopy and basic facts of image formation will be treated, including often neglected topics such as axial resolving power, lens construction, photomicrography and correct use of phase-en interference contrast systems. Theoretical background will be dealt with as far as necessary for a well-considered application of these techniques enabling a deliberate choice for the approach of a certain problem. Over 150 illustrations (photomicrographs and diagrams) complete the information on microscopy of the nineties in the biomedical field, intended for scientists, doctors, technicians and research students. Many drawings have been contributed by the illustrator R. Kreuger; the photographic work has been executed by J. Peeterse. Secretarial assistance in preparing the manuscript was given by Ms T. M. S. Pierik. Dr M. J. Pearson has corrected the English of the final text.




Microscopy Techniques


Book Description

With contributions by numerous experts




Techniques In Microscopy For Biomedical Applications


Book Description

The second volume of the series Manuals in Biomedical Research, this book is aimed to be both a concise introduction to the diverse field of microscopy and a practical guide those who require the use of microscopic for methods in their research. It provides young as well as experienced scientists a state-of-the-art multidisciplinary overview of microscopic techniques, covering all the major microscopy fields in biomedical sciences and showing their application in evaluating samples ranging from molecules to cells and tissues.Microscopy has revolutionized our understanding of biological events. Within the last two decades, microscopic techniques have provided insights into the dynamics of biological processes that regulate such events. Biological discovery, to a large extent, depends on advances in imaging techniques and various microscopic techniques have emerged as central and indispensable tools in the biomedical sciences.The four authors bring with them extensive experiences spanning across disciplines such as Microbiology, Molecular and Cell Biology, Tissue Engineering, Biomedical and Regenerative Medicine and so forth, reinforcing the fact that microscopy has proven useful in countless investigations into the mysteries of life.




Light Microscopy in Biology


Book Description

Since the first edition of Light Microscopy in Biology: A Practical approach was published, techniques in modern light microscopy have improved considerably. This fully updated edition includes revised topics from the first edition as well as coverage of techniques and technologies that have been developed since it was published. As before, the book starts with an explanation of the basic techniques, and goes on to describe current methods in: chromosome microscopy, immunohistochemistry, fluorescence microscopy, image building and video microscopy. Totally new topics covered include: confocal microscopy, calcium and pH imaging, microinjection techniques and nanovid microscopy. There are also whole chapters now devoted to reflection contrast microscopy and histomorphometry. This new edition will be of great interest to postgraduate and postdoctoral researchers in biomedicine and cell biology - both those experienced with light microscopic techniques and newcomers to the field.




Digital Microscopy


Book Description

The previous edition of this book marked the shift in technology from video to digital camera use with microscope use in biological science. This new edition presents some of the optical fundamentals needed to provide a quality image to the digital camera. Specifically, it covers the fundamental geometric optics of finite- and infinity-corrected microscopes, develops the concepts of physical optics and Abbe’s theory of image formation, presents the principles of Kohler illumination, and finally reviews the fundamentals of fluorescence and fluorescence microscopy. The second group of chapters deals with digital and video fundamentals: how digital and video cameras work, how to coordinate cameras with microscopes, how to deal with digital data, the fundamentals of image processing, and low light level cameras. The third group of chapters address some specialized areas of microscopy that allow sophisticated measurements of events in living cells that are below the optical limits of resolution. Expands coverage to include discussion of confocal microscopy not found in the previous edition Includes "traps and pitfalls" as well as laboratory exercises to help illustrate methods




Bioimaging


Book Description

The Development Of Microscopy Revolutionized The World Of Cell And Molecular Biology As We Once Knew It And Will Continue To Play An Important Role In Future Discoveries. Bioimaging: Current Concepts In Light And Electron Microscopy Is The Optimal Text For Any Undergraduate Or Graduate Bioimaging Course, And Will Serve As An Important Reference Tool For The Research Scientist. This Unique Text Covers, In Great Depth, Both Light And Electron Microscopy, As Well As Other Structure And Imaging Techniques Like X-Ray Crystallography And Atomic Force Microscopy. Written In A User-Friendly Style And Covering A Broad Range Of Topics, Bioimaging Describes The State-Of-The-Art Technologies That Have Powered The Field To The Forefront Of Cellular And Molecular Biological Research.




Advanced Techniques in Biological Electron Microscopy


Book Description

The past decade has seen a remarkable increase in the use of electron microscopy as a researm tool in biology and medicine. Thus, most institu tions of higher learning now boast several electron optical laboratories having various levels of sophistication. Training in the routine use of elec tron optical equipment and interpretation of results is no longer restricted to a few prestigious centers. On the other hand, temniques utilized by researm workers in the ultrastructural domain have become extremely diverse and complex. Although a large number of quite excellent volumes of electron microscopic temnique are now dedicated to the basic elements available whim allow the novice to acquire a reasonable introduction to the field, relatively few books have been devoted to a discussion of more ad vanced temnical aspects of the art. It was with this view that the present volume was conceived as a handy reference for workers already having some background in the field, as an information source for those wishing to shift efforts into more promising temniques, or for use as an advanced course or seminar guide. Subject matter has been mosen particularly on the basis of pertinence to present researm activities in biological electron microscopy and emphasis has been given those areas whim seem destined to greatly expand in useful ness in the near future.




Biological Electron Microscopy


Book Description

Electron microscopy is frequently portrayed as a discipline that stands alone, separated from molecular biology, light microscopy, physiology, and biochemistry, among other disciplines. It is also presented as a technically demanding discipline operating largely in the sphere of "black boxes" and governed by many absolute laws of procedure. At the introductory level, this portrayal does the discipline and the student a disservice. The instrumentation we use is complex, but ultimately understandable and, more importantly, repairable. The procedures we employ for preparing tissues and cells are not totally understood, but enough information is available to allow investigators to make reasonable choices concerning the best techniques to apply to their parti cular problems. There are countless specialized techniques in the field of electron and light microscopy that require the acquisition of specialized knowledge, particularly for interpretation of results (electron tomography and energy dispersive spectroscopy immediately come to mind), but most laboratories possessing the equipment to effect these approaches have specialists to help the casual user. The advent of computer operated electron microscopes has also broadened access to these instruments, allowing users with little technical knowledge about electron microscope design to quickly become operators. This has been a welcome advance, because earlier instru ments required a level of knowledge about electron optics and vacuum systems to produce optimal photographs and to avoid "crashing" the instruments that typically made it difficult for beginners.




Methods of Preparation for Electron Microscopy


Book Description

In 1939, when the electron optics laboratory of Siemens & Halske Inc. began to manufacture the first electron microscopes, the biological and medical profes sions had an unexpected instrument at their disposal which exceeded the reso lution of the light microscope by more than a hundredfold. The immediate and broad application of this new tool was complicated by the overwhelming prob lems inherent in specimen preparation for the investigation of cellular struc tures. The microtechniques applied in light microscopy were no longer appli cable, since even the thinnest paraffin layers could not be penetrated by electrons. Many competent biological and medical research workers expressed their anxiety that objects in high vacuum would be modified due to complete dehydration and the absorbed electron energy would eventually cause degrada tion to rudimentary carbon backbones. It also seemed questionable as to whether it would be possible to prepare thin sections of approximately 0. 5 11m from heterogeneous biological specimens. Thus one was suddenly in posses sion of a completely unique instrument which, when compared with the light microscope, allowed a 10-100-fold higher resolution, yet a suitable preparation methodology was lacking. This sceptical attitude towards the application of electron microscopy in bi ology and medicine was supported simultaneously by the general opinion of colloid chemists, who postulated that in the submicroscopic region of living structures no stable building blocks existed which could be revealed with this apparatus.