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Monitoring Atmospheric Water Vapour

Author : Niklaus Kämpfer

Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media

Page : 325 pages

File Size : 46,52 MB

Release : 2012-09-11

Category : Technology & Engineering

ISBN : 1461439086

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Book Description

Atmospheric water plays a key role in climate. Water vapour is the most important greenhouse gas and its condensed forms exert a profound influence on both incoming solar and outgoing infrared radiation. Unfortunately, accurate, height-resolved global-scale measurements of atmospheric humidity are difficult to obtain. The change in concentration of five orders of magnitude form the ground to the stratosphere means there is no standard instrument that will measure everywhere. This has led to different measuring techniques, all with strengths and weaknesses. This book assesses all presently available techniques that are used in monitoring networks. Special weight is given to presenting the different technical concepts, the accuracy of different sensor types, addresses calibration issues and retrieval aspects.



Monitoring Atmospheric Water Vapour

Author : Niklaus Kämpfer

Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media

Page : 325 pages

File Size : 33,17 MB

Release : 2012-09-13

Category : Technology & Engineering

ISBN : 1461439094

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Book Description

Atmospheric water plays a key role in climate. Water vapour is the most important greenhouse gas and its condensed forms exert a profound influence on both incoming solar and outgoing infrared radiation. Unfortunately, accurate, height-resolved global-scale measurements of atmospheric humidity are difficult to obtain. The change in concentration of five orders of magnitude form the ground to the stratosphere means there is no standard instrument that will measure everywhere. This has led to different measuring techniques, all with strengths and weaknesses. This book assesses all presently available techniques that are used in monitoring networks. Special weight is given to presenting the different technical concepts, the accuracy of different sensor types, addresses calibration issues and retrieval aspects.



Monitoring Atmospheric Water Vapour

Author : Niklaus Kämpfer

Publisher : Springer

Page : 328 pages

File Size : 17,86 MB

Release : 2012-09-14

Category : Technology & Engineering

ISBN : 9781461439103

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Book Description

Atmospheric water plays a key role in climate. Water vapour is the most important greenhouse gas and its condensed forms exert a profound influence on both incoming solar and outgoing infrared radiation. Unfortunately, accurate, height-resolved global-scale measurements of atmospheric humidity are difficult to obtain. The change in concentration of five orders of magnitude form the ground to the stratosphere means there is no standard instrument that will measure everywhere. This has led to different measuring techniques, all with strengths and weaknesses. This book assesses all presently available techniques that are used in monitoring networks. Special weight is given to presenting the different technical concepts, the accuracy of different sensor types, addresses calibration issues and retrieval aspects.



Atmospheric Water Vapor

Author : Adarsh Deepak

Publisher : Elsevier

Page : 712 pages

File Size : 13,40 MB

Release : 2013-09-25

Category : Science

ISBN : 1483273342

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Book Description

Atmospheric Water Vapor contains the technical proceedings of the International Workshop on Atmospheric Water Vapor held in Vail, Colorado, on September 11-13, 1979. The papers assess the state-of-the-art in measurement, modeling, and application of atmospheric water vapor properties and highlight important problems that require further effort in order to better understand the atmosphere itself as well as the electromagnetic propagation through the atmosphere. Comprised of 39 chapters, this book begins with a discussion on the optics and spectroscopy of water vapor. Some actual spectra showing the problems specific to the water molecule are described, along with the method used to calculate precise vibration-rotation energy levels and wave functions. Atmospheric infrared transmission measurements in maritime locations are also presented. Subsequent sections explore microwave and millimeter wave phenomena; geoastrophysical applications; and in situ measurements, remote sensing, and meteorology of water vapor. The final chapters deal with the microphysics and atmospheric chemistry of water vapor. This monograph will be of interest to scientists from universities, government agencies, research laboratories, and industry.



Advanced GNSS Tropospheric Products for Monitoring Severe Weather Events and Climate

Author : Jonathan Jones

Publisher : Springer Nature

Page : 577 pages

File Size : 29,1 MB

Release : 2019-09-16

Category : Science

ISBN : 3030139018

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Book Description

The book (COST Action Final report) summarises the proceedings from COST Action ES1206. COST Action ES1206, Advanced GNSS Tropospheric Products for Severe Weather Events and Climate (GNSS4SWEC), was a 4-year project, running from 2013 to 2017, which coordinated new and improved capabilities from concurrent developments in GNSS, meteorological and climate communities. For the first time, the synergy of multi-GNSS constellations was used to develop new, more advanced tropospheric products, exploiting the full potential of multi-GNSS on a wide range of temporal and spatial scales - from real-time products monitoring and forecasting severe weather, to the highest quality post-processed products suitable for climate research. The Action also promoted the use of meteorological data as an input to real-time GNSS positioning, navigation, and timing services and has stimulated knowledge and data transfer throughout Europe and beyond.



The Atmosphere and Climate of Mars

Author : Robert M. Haberle

Publisher : Cambridge University Press

Page : 613 pages

File Size : 42,21 MB

Release : 2017-06-29

Category : Science

ISBN : 1107016185

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Book Description

This volume reviews all aspects of Mars atmospheric science from the surface to space, and from now and into the past.



Policy Implications of Greenhouse Warming

Author : National Academy of Engineering

Publisher : National Academies Press

Page : 945 pages

File Size : 35,31 MB

Release : 1992-02-01

Category : Political Science

ISBN : 0309043867

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Book Description

Global warming continues to gain importance on the international agenda and calls for action are heightening. Yet, there is still controversy over what must be done and what is needed to proceed. Policy Implications of Greenhouse Warming describes the information necessary to make decisions about global warming resulting from atmospheric releases of radiatively active trace gases. The conclusions and recommendations include some unexpected results. The distinguished authoring committee provides specific advice for U.S. policy and addresses the need for an international response to potential greenhouse warming. It offers a realistic view of gaps in the scientific understanding of greenhouse warming and how much effort and expense might be required to produce definitive answers. The book presents methods for assessing options to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, offset emissions, and assist humans and unmanaged systems of plants and animals to adjust to the consequences of global warming.



Monitoring Toxic Gases in the Atmosphere for Hygiene and Pollution Control

Author : William Thain

Publisher : Elsevier

Page : 176 pages

File Size : 37,9 MB

Release : 2013-10-22

Category : Medical

ISBN : 148315887X

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Book Description

Monitoring Toxic Gases in the Atmosphere for Hygiene and Pollution Control presents the principles of atmospheric monitoring, indicates where difficulties can occur, and where errors in sampling and measurement may be expected. Organized into ten chapters, this book first describes the measurement of toxic hazards and the corresponding techniques for measurement. Subsequent chapter discusses the sources of error in sampling and measurement. Other chapters focus on detection systems based on color change; total sample collection methods; selective sample collection methods; sampling pumps; and preparation of standards for calibration of instruments and evaluation of methods. The statistics of monitoring is also explained.



Atmospheric Rivers

Author : F. Martin Ralph

Publisher : Springer Nature

Page : 284 pages

File Size : 37,37 MB

Release : 2020-07-10

Category : Science

ISBN : 3030289060

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Book Description

This book is the standard reference based on roughly 20 years of research on atmospheric rivers, emphasizing progress made on key research and applications questions and remaining knowledge gaps. The book presents the history of atmospheric-rivers research, the current state of scientific knowledge, tools, and policy-relevant (science-informed) problems that lend themselves to real-world application of the research—and how the topic fits into larger national and global contexts. This book is written by a global team of authors who have conducted and published the majority of critical research on atmospheric rivers over the past years. The book is intended to benefit practitioners in the fields of meteorology, hydrology and related disciplines, including students as well as senior researchers.



Handbook of Humidity Measurement, Volume 1

Author : Ghenadii Korotcenkov

Publisher : CRC Press

Page : 598 pages

File Size : 26,82 MB

Release : 2018-03-15

Category : Science

ISBN : 1351400649

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Book Description

The first volume of The Handbook of Humidity Measurement focuses on the review of devices based on optical principles of measurement such as optical UV, fluorescence hygrometers, optical and fiber-optic sensors of various types. Numerous methods for monitoring the atmosphere have been developed in recent years, based on measuring the absorption of electromagnetic field in different spectral ranges. These methods, covering the optical (FTIR and Lidar techniques), as well as a microwave and THz ranges are discussed in detail in this volume. The role of humidity-sensitive materials in optical and fiber-optic sensors is also detailed. This volume describes the reasons for controlling the humidity, features of water and water vapors, and units used for humidity measurement.