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Neurodevelopmental Disorders: Cognitive Behavioural Phenotypes

Author : Daria Riva

Publisher : John Libbey Eurotext

Page : 161 pages

File Size : 43,57 MB

Release : 2005-06-01

Category : Medical

ISBN : 2742013415

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Book Description

In recent years our approach to neurodevelopmental disorders has undergone extraordinary change. This has resulted from tremendous progress in various different disciplines including developmental neuroscience, behavioural and molecular genetics, and developmental neurobiology, and from the very high quality now achievable in neuroimaging and neurophysiological techniques. This publication aims to provide a concise and interdisciplinary approach to the study of the different cognitive/behavioural phenotypes encountered in a wide range of neurodevelopmental disorders. Starting from methodological, nosographic, and assessment premises, the book deals with selected disorders of a defined but still complex genetic aetiology, and concludes with a description of the neuropsychiatric disorders that are most commonly encountered during development.



The Wiley Handbook on What Works for Offenders with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities

Author : William R. Lindsay

Publisher : John Wiley & Sons

Page : 479 pages

File Size : 42,69 MB

Release : 2019-12-16

Category : Psychology

ISBN : 1119316235

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Book Description

Brings together the growing amount of evidence on the assessment and treatment of offenders with intellectual and developmental disabilities. Written by a team of international experts, this comprehensive and informative book provides a contemporary picture of evidence-based practice for offenders with intellectual and developmental disabilities. By adopting a scientist-practitioner position directed at an academic level with practitioner guidelines, it provides a valuable reference source for professionals from allied disciplines who are using or seeking to apply research for this client group. The Wiley Handbook of What Works for Offenders with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities: An Evidence Based Approach to Theory, Assessment and Treatment is divided into five sections: Introduction, Phenotypes & Genotypes and Offending Behavior, Validated Assessments, Treatment, and Conclusions. The Introduction offers an overview of the entire book and is followed by a second overview covering the ethics of evidence-based practice. After that come chapters on protecting the rights of people with intellectual disabilities in correctional settings, and behavioral and cognitive phenotypes in genetic disorders associated with offending. The third part of the book studies the assessment of individuals with anger and violence issues, inappropriate sexual behavior, alcohol abuse, and emotional difficulties. Next comes a section that looks how to offenders can be treated. The final section discusses future directions and requirements for offenders with intellectual and developmental disabilities. Provides an overview of the ethical challenges and issues faced by those who work with intellectually and developmentally disabled offenders Focuses on proof of treatment effectiveness and validation of assessment methods to direct readers toward "What Works" Features contributions from authors across the entire English-speaking world including the UK, US, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand The Wiley Handbook of What Works for Offenders with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities: An Evidence Based Approach to Theory, Assessment and Treatment will appeal to all who work in the field of offenders with intellectual and developmental disabilities, including nursing staff, social workers and probation officers, medical and psychology staff, and more.



Neural Substrates of Impaired Behavioral Inhibition in Williams Syndrome, a Disorder of Social Cognition

Author : Kari Hanson

Publisher :

Page : 134 pages

File Size : 27,23 MB

Release : 2017

Category :

ISBN :

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Book Description

The evolution of the human brain has yielded advanced cognitive capacities supporting the development of language, technologically advanced material culture, and highly complex social behavior that has allowed for the development of the rich diversity of human cultures. Comparative neuroanatomy in evolutionary perspective continues to make great strides in characterizing and defining unique elements of the human neuroanatomical phenotype at the gross and microscopic level that underlie these key behavioral adaptations. In conjunction with these studies, an understanding of the functional implications of derived anatomical traits is gained through analyses of neurodevelopmental disorders, which help to define a spectrum of variation in the diversity of human brain phenotypes. Williams syndrome (WS) is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder caused by a hemideletion of ~1.6 Mb (25-28 genes) on human chromosome 7q11.23, a highly dynamic region associated with recent adaptive selection in hominoid lineages. Analyzing the neuroanatomical phenotype in WS provides the unique opportunity to study correlates of a distinctive cognitive and behavioral phenotype in a neurodevelopmental disorder of known genetic cause. Among the most notable behavioral phenotypes observed in WS is a generalized disinhibition of social behavior, likely rooted in the dysfunction of frontostriatal circuitry. We targeted the rostral territories of the striatum in that share important connectivity with the prefrontal cortex in reward circuitry. We provide new evidence for variation in neuroanatomy in WS underlying its unusual social and cognitive phenotype. Specifically, we found increased glial cell density in the caudate nucleus of the striatum, as well as a significant increase in the density of oligodendrocytes in the medial caudate nucleus, likely related to dysfunctional connectivity with the prefrontal cortex. We additionally found a decrease in the density of cholinergic interneurons in the medial caudate nucleus, which may serve important functions in the regulation of social interaction. These data suggest that deficits in behavioral control may be linked to dysfunction of local circuitry within the striatum in WS, mediated by imbalance between neuronal and glial cell density and interneuron function, which may underlie important differences in social behavior.



Treatment of Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Author : Randi Jenssen Hagerman

Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA

Page : 401 pages

File Size : 29,72 MB

Release : 2014

Category : Medical

ISBN : 019993780X

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Book Description

This cutting-edge book brings advances in genetics, neurobiology, and psychopharmacology to the clinic to enhance treatment for neurodevelopmental disorders. Significant progress has been made in identifying the neurobiological mechanisms of several disorders and targeted treatments are modifying the outcome of these disorders. However, the ability to utilize this knowledge has not been summarized in one place for the practicing clinician. This book will fill that gap by providing the theoretical underpinnings and the latest advances in targeted treatments. Several neurodevelopmental disorders are reviewed in detail including clinical features and behavioral phenotypes, standard treatments and new targeted treatments based on the latest advances in neurobiology and the animal model studies that have lead to new treatments. The disorders covered include psychiatric disorders: schizophrenia, depression, autism and ADHD; single gene disorders including Tuberous Sclerosis, Fragile X Syndrome and fragile X- associated disorders, Angelman Syndrome, PKU, and Muscular Dystrophies; and complex genetic disorders such as Down syndrome. This book also highlights the commonalities across disorders and new genetic and molecular concepts in an easy to read format. This is a very exciting time for new targeted treatments and this volume is a landmark treatise on this new age of treatment.



Translational Research Methods in Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Author : Stéphane Martin

Publisher : Springer Nature

Page : 271 pages

File Size : 48,4 MB

Release : 2022-09-29

Category : Medical

ISBN : 1071625691

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Book Description

This volume explores the latest techniques used to study neurodevelopmental diseases (NDD) that range from molecular aspects to integrated research approaches and brain imaging in living rodents. Chapters in this book cover topics such as protocols to deliver shRNA in vitro and in vivo using lentiviral particles to knock-down specific protein expression; experimental procedures to use recombinant fluorescent probes to visualize endogenous proteins at the mammalian synapse; CRISPR/Cas9 toolkit to assess either gain- or loss-of-gene function in brain organoids; detailed protocols to use in vivo manipulations to correct the behavioral phenotypes in cognitive disorder mouse lines; and experimental approaches to genetically engineer macaque models of NDDs and investigate how genetic predisposition may cause neural and functional alterations. In the Neuromethods series style, chapters include the kind of detail and key advice from the specialists needed to get successful results in your laboratory. Cutting-edge and practical, Translational Research Methods in Neurodevelopmental Disorders is a valuable resource for all researchers who want to learn more about this important and developing field.





Behavioural Phenotypes in Clinical Practice

Author : Gregory O'Brien

Publisher : Cambridge University Press

Page : 260 pages

File Size : 46,55 MB

Release : 2002-01-21

Category : Medical

ISBN : 9781898683278

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Book Description

Clinics in Developmental Medicine No. 157 Clinicians, educators and other specialists who work with young people with intellectual disabilities are increasingly aware of the extent to which their clients' behaviours are shaped by the respective causal syndrome. This book is a practical response to the need for interventions and ongoing care programmes to take account of this within the context of coordinated multimodal case planning. An international team of experts drawn from child health, special education, psychology, psychiatry and related disciplines explores general principles of case management, in addition to giving consideration to a large number of individual syndromes, resulting in a comprehensive review of the subject. All of the authors have been involved in original research on the themes explored, and in the development of coherent service responses to the challenges posed by behavioural phenotypes. This will be essential reading for all professionals engaged in the care and management of people with intellectual disabilities.



Attention, Genes, and Developmental Disorders

Author : Kim Cornish

Publisher : Oxford University Press

Page : 592 pages

File Size : 35,41 MB

Release : 2010-08-12

Category : Psychology

ISBN : 0190292660

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Book Description

What is attention? How does it go wrong? Do attention deficits arise from genes or from the environment? Can we cure it with drugs or training? Are there disorders of attention other than deficit disorders? The past decade has seen a burgeoning of research on the subject of attention. This research has been facilitated by advances on several fronts: New methods are now available for viewing brain activity in real time, there is expanding information on the complexities of the biochemistry of neural activity, individual genes can be isolated and their functions identified, analysis of the component processes included under the broad umbrella of "attention" has become increasingly sophisticated, and ingenious methods have been devised for measuring typical and atypical development of these processes, from infancy into childhood, and then into adulthood. In this book, Kim Cornish and John Wilding are concerned with attention and its development, both typical and atypical, particularly in disorders with a known genetic etiology or assumed genetic linkage. Tremendous advances across seemingly diverse disciplines - molecular genetics, pediatric neurology, child psychiatry, developmental cognitive neuroscience, and education - have culminated in a wealth of new methods for elucidating disorders at multiple levels, possibly paving the way for new treatment options. Cornish and Wilding use three specific-yet-interlinking levels of analysis: genetic blueprint (genotype), the developing brain, and the behavioral-cognitive outcomes (phenotype), as the basis for charting the attention profiles of six well-documented neurodevelopmental disorders: ADHD, autism, fragile X syndrome, Down syndrome, Williams syndrome, and 22q11 deletion syndrome. Their overarching aim in this book is to provide the most authoritative and extensive account to date of disorder-specific attention profiles and their development from infancy through adolescence.



Cognitive and behavourial neurology in developmental age

Author : Daria Riva

Publisher : John Libbey Eurotext

Page : 383 pages

File Size : 49,45 MB

Release : 2015-03-01

Category : Medical

ISBN : 274201442X

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Book Description

An exhaustive review of a fast-growing discipline: cognitive and behavioural neurology Cognitive and behavioural neurology is increasingly the focus of attention from the neurosciences, both in adults and children.This field combines a number of specialties to ensure that neurological conditions are approached from different standpoints. Appropriate cognitive/behavioural evaluation methods should based upon the known characteristics of neuropathology, molecular genetics and neurophysiology of the disorders. This book provides an update on neurocognitive and behavioural deficits observed in developmental neurology: epilepsy,brain malformations,tumours,autistic spectrum disorders,syndromic and non-syndromic intellectual disabilities,cerebral palsyCNS progressive disorders. It aims to describe cognitive/behavioural phenotypes, define indications for treatment and rehabilitation, and enhance knowledge acquired from clinical studies. The contents are addressed to child neurologists and psychiatrists, psychologists, paediaricians, behavioural and speech therapists.



Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Author : Jo Van Herwegen

Publisher : Psychology Press

Page : 319 pages

File Size : 43,46 MB

Release : 2014-12-05

Category : Psychology

ISBN : 1317563603

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Book Description

Interest in the field of neurodevelopmental disorders has grown exponentially in recent years across a range of disciplines, including psychology, psychiatry, education and neuroscience. The research itself has become more sophisticated, using multidisciplinary methods to probe interdisciplinary questions. Neurodevelopmental Disorders: Research Challenges and Solutions provides a thorough overview of the key issues involved in researching neurodevelopmental disorders. The volume includes 14 chapters, arranged over three sections. Chapters in the first section address general research challenges for the study of neurodevelopmental disorders. The second section draws upon specific disorders (such as Williams syndrome, Autism Spectrum Disorders, Down Syndrome, Fragile X Syndrome, ADHD, and Language Disorders) to consider the syndrome-specific issues or challenges that may be crucial to advancing our understanding of aspects of cognition and behavior associated with them. The final section considers how research evidence may be translated into practice to begin making an impact upon the lives of individuals who have neurodevelopmental disorders and their families. Each chapter in the book also includes ‘practical tips’ for either conducting research with individuals who have neurodevelopmental disorders or considering wider practical issues. The book will be indispensable reading for advanced students, researchers, and practitioners in the fields of developmental psychology, developmental psychopathology, special needs education, neuropsychology, and neurodevelopmental disorders.