Pollution of International Watercourses - Inland Water Pollution


Book Description

Seminar paper from the year 1994 in the subject Politics - Environmental Policy, grade: 2, University of Vienna (Institut für Völkerrecht), course: Konversatorium Internationale Environmental Policy, language: English, abstract: Inland water pollution is not a recent phenomena, and is documented throughout history. The general rules and law have therefore a long lasting tradition, but were seriously redrafted in the 20th century. Upon the Harmon Doctrin a considerable international standard of soft law is under development within the UN System as well as at a multilateral and a bilateral basis. Beside that a whole set of academic principles has been developed. Due to this developement, there a a series of principles in the Agenda 21, the Helsinki rules, Helsinki Convention and the Council of Europe. Examples of regional agreements in North America and Western and Central Europe are briefly described. As regards the EU the situation presented does not consider the European Framework Directive Water, but the situation leading to the development of of this legal framework.




Freshwater Microplastics


Book Description

This book is open access under a CC BY 4.0 license. This volume focuses on microscopic plastic debris, also referred to as microplastics, which have been detected in aquatic environments around the globe and have accordingly raised serious concerns. The book explores whether microplastics represent emerging contaminants in freshwater systems, an area that remains underrepresented to date. Given the complexity of the issue, the book covers the current state-of-research on microplastics in rivers and lakes, including analytical aspects, environmental concentrations and sources, modelling approaches, interactions with biota, and ecological implications. To provide a broader perspective, the book also discusses lessons learned from nanomaterials and the implications of plastic debris for regulation, politics, economy, and society. In a research field that is rapidly evolving, it offers a solid overview for environmental chemists, engineers, and toxicologists, as well as water managers and policy-makers.







The UNECE Convention on the Protection and Use of Transboundary Watercourses and International Lakes


Book Description

The UNECE Convention on the Protection and Use of Transboundary Watercourses and International Lakes provides invaluable insights into the contribution of this international agreement towards transboundary water cooperation via its legal provisions, accompanying institutional arrangements and subsidiary policy mechanisms. Contributing authors - experts on key aspects of the Convention - address a broad range of issues, primarily concerning its: development and evolution; relationship with other multi-lateral agreements; regulatory framework and general principles; tools for arresting transboundary pollution; procedural rules; compliance and liability provisions; and select issues including its Protocol on Water and Health.




California's Living Marine Resources


Book Description

This 592-page spiral-bound reference provides a baseline of information for all those involved with managing living marine resources in California and chronicles changes that have occurred in many of the state’s fisheries. Organized by marine ecosystems: bays and estuaries, nearshore and offshore. Includes illustrated species descriptions with details of biological knowledge, fishery history, landings data, population status and references. Also includes sections on marine birds and mammals and appendices containing management considerations (by species), a glossary of technical terms and acronyms and fishing gear illustrations. Jointly produced by the California Sea Grant Extension Program and the California Department of Fish and Game following the passage of the Marine Life Protection Act in January 1999.




Water Wars


Book Description

Acclaimed author and award-winning scientist and activist Vandana Shiva lucidly details the severity of the global water shortage, calling the water crisis “the most pervasive, most severe, and most invisible dimension of the ecological devastation of the earth.” She sheds light on the activists who are fighting corporate maneuvers to convert the life-sustaining resource of water into more gold for the elites and uses her knowledge of science and society to outline the emergence of corporate culture and the historical erosion of communal water rights. Using the international water trade and industrial activities such as damming, mining, and aquafarming as her lens, Shiva exposes the destruction of the earth and the disenfranchisement of the world's poor as they are stripped of rights to a precious common good. Revealing how many of the most important conflicts of our time, most often camouflaged as ethnic wars or religious wars, are in fact conflicts over scarce but vital natural resources, she calls for a movement to preserve water access for all and offers a blueprint for global resistance based on examples of successful campaigns. Featuring a new introduction by the author, this edition of Water Wars celebrates the spiritual and traditional role water has played in communities throughout history and warns that water privatization threatens cultures and livelihoods worldwide.




Water Quality for Ecosystem and Human Health


Book Description

This document is intended to provide an overview of the major components of surface and ground water quality and how these relate to ecosystem and human health. Local, regional and global assessments of water quality monitoring data are used to illustrate key features of aquatic environments, and to demonstrate how human activities on the landscape can influence water quality in both positive and negative ways. Clear and concise background knowledge on water quality can serve to support other water assessments.







The Law of Non-Navigational Uses of International Watercourses


Book Description

The presentation of the historical development and the scientific elaboration of the international law regulating non-navigational uses of international watercourses exemplifies the richness of this branch of international law. The role of general international law in this field of international relations, the acceptance thereof by the international community, its legal nature, functions, contents, and codification, are all examined. Finally, an outline of the institutions of international cooperation is given.




The Law of Environmental Damage


Book Description

From its starting point within international law, throughout its progression from regional to national law, The Law of Environmental Damage combines the disciplines of environmental law, liability law and insurance in its analysis of the development of reparative environmental law. In the model adopted, three generations of reparative schemes are identified, based on civil liability or administrative liability or self-taken measures from the area of insurance. The analysis applied is based on factors of standard and designation of liability, as well as the definition and assessment of environmental damage. Issues such as environmental lender liability and damage to public natural resources are highlighted. The results of the study are evaluated within the framework of a theory of environmental efficiency; among other factors, the reparative effect of liability rules is discussed.