Service Life and Durability of Reinforced Concrete Structures


Book Description

This volume contains the proceedings of the 8th International PhD Student Workshop on Service Life and Durability of Reinforced Concrete Structures that was held in Marne-la-Vallée, France, on September the 26th and 27th 2016. Topics discussed in the book are related to durability performance of reinforced concrete, service life modelling, prevention, protection and repair. Reinforced concrete structures may prove to be very durable, however, their gradual degradation over time impairing both serviceability and structural safety is still a matter of great practical concern in view of the large economic consequences for assessment, maintenance and repair. Corrosion of steel reinforcement is considered to be the most detrimental process responsible for structural deterioration. Many studies are in progress to develop a comprehensive engineering approach for assessment of the initiation and the propagation period of corrosion in both uncracked and cracked concrete. Modelling of chloride penetration and carbonation has attracted a great deal of attention in recent years, however, there is still much debate on several essential aspects such as the chloride threshold level. ASR, and acid, sulphate and frost attack and other mechanisms remain important areas of study. In addition, the interaction between different degradation mechanisms requires further understanding. The worskhop was organised under the auspices of RILEM EAC (Educational Activities Committee), with the aim to bring together young researchers in the field of durability of concrete.




Model Code for Service Life Design


Book Description

fib Bulletin 34 addresses Service Life Design (SLD) for plain concrete, reinforced concrete and pre-stressed concrete structures, with a special focus on design provisions for managing the adverse effects of degradation. Its objective is to identify agreed durability related models and to prepare the framework for standardization of performance based design approaches. Four different options for SLD are given: - a full probabilistic approach, - a semi probabilistic approach (partial factor design), - deemed to satisfy rules, - avoidance of deterioration. The service life design approaches described in this document may be applied for the design of new structures, for updating the service life design if the structure exists and real material properties and/or the interaction of environment and structure can be measured (real concrete covers, carbonation depths), and for calculating residual service life. The bulletin is divided into five chapters: 1. General 2. Basis of design 3. Verification of Service Life Design 4. Execution and its quality management 5. Maintenance and condition control It also includes four informative annexes, which give background information and examples of procedures and deterioration models for the application in SLD. The format of Bulletin 34 follows the CEB-FIP tradition for Model Codes: the main provisions are given on the right-hand side of the page, and on the left-hand side, the comments. Note: An Italian translation of Bulletin 34 is also available; contact us for further details.




Concrete Permeability and Durability Performance


Book Description

Durability and service life design of concrete constructions have considerable socio-economic and environmental consequences, in which the permeability of concrete to aggressive intruders plays a vital role. Concrete Permeability and Durability Performance provides deep insight into the permeability of concrete, moving from theory to practice, and presents over 20 real cases, such as Tokyo’s Museum of Western Art, Port of Miami Tunnel and Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao sea-link, including field tests in the Antarctic and Atacama Desert. It stresses the importance of site testing for a realistic durability assessment and details the "Torrent Method" for non-destructive measurement of air-permeability. It also delivers answers for some vexing questions: Should the coefficient of permeability be expressed in m2 or m/s? How to get a "mean" pore radius of concrete from gas-permeability tests? Why should permeability preferably be measured on site? How can service life of reinforced concrete structures be predicted by site testing of gas-permeability and cover thickness? Practitioners will find stimulating examples on how to predict the coming service life of new structures and the remaining life of existing structures, based on site testing of air-permeability and cover thickness. Researchers will value theoretical principles, testing methods, as well as how test results reflect the influence of concrete mix composition and processing.




Durability of Concrete and Cement Composites


Book Description

Whilst most structures made using concrete and cement-based composites have not shown signs of premature degradation, there have been notable exceptions. In addition, there is increasing pressure for new structures to remain in serviceable condition for long periods with only minimal maintenance before being recycled. All these factors have highlighted the issues of what affects the durability of these materials in different circumstances and how material properties can be measured and improved. Durability of concrete and cement composites summarises key research on these important topics.After an introductory chapter, the book reviews the pore structure and chemistry of cement-based materials, providing the foundation for understanding the particular aspects of degradation which are discussed in the following chapters. These include dimensional stability and cracking processes, chemical and microbiological degradation of concrete, corrosion of reinforcing and prestressing steels, deterioration associated with certain aggregates, effects of frost and problems involving fibre-reinforced and polymer-cement composites.With its distinguished international team of contributors, Durability of concrete and cement composites is a standard reference for all those concerned with improving the service life of structures using these materials. - Analyses a range of materials such as reinforced steel in concrete, pre-stressed concrete and cement composites - Discusses key degradation phenomena such as cracking processes and the impact of cold weather conditions - A standard reference for those concerned with improving the service life of structures using concrete and cement based composites




Concrete Durability


Book Description

Written specifically for the young professional and addressing a growing need for a long service life with minimal maintenance, Concrete Durability takes a whole new look at the whole-life performance of structures. This text examines physical and chemical issues that can threaten the durability of concrete. It explores available options for achiev




Service Life and Durability of Reinforced Concrete Structures


Book Description

This volume contains the proceedings of the 8th International PhD Student Workshop on Service Life and Durability of Reinforced Concrete Structures that was held in Marne-la-Vallée, France, on September the 26th and 27th 2016. Topics discussed in the book are related to durability performance of reinforced concrete, service life modelling, prevention, protection and repair. Reinforced concrete structures may prove to be very durable, however, their gradual degradation over time impairing both serviceability and structural safety is still a matter of great practical concern in view of the large economic consequences for assessment, maintenance and repair. Corrosion of steel reinforcement is considered to be the most detrimental process responsible for structural deterioration. Many studies are in progress to develop a comprehensive engineering approach for assessment of the initiation and the propagation period of corrosion in both uncracked and cracked concrete. Modelling of chloride penetration and carbonation has attracted a great deal of attention in recent years, however, there is still much debate on several essential aspects such as the chloride threshold level. ASR, and acid, sulphate and frost attack and other mechanisms remain important areas of study. In addition, the interaction between different degradation mechanisms requires further understanding. The worskhop was organised under the auspices of RILEM EAC (Educational Activities Committee), with the aim to bring together young researchers in the field of durability of concrete.




Corrosion in Reinforced Concrete Structures


Book Description

Reinforced concrete has the potential to be very durable and capable of withstanding a variety of adverse environmental conditions. However, failures in the structures do still occur as a result of premature reinforcement corrosion. In this authoritative book the fundamental aspects of this complex process are analysed; focusing on corrosion of the reinforcing steel, and looking particularly, at new scientific and technological developments.Monitoring techniques, including the newly developed online-monitoring, are examined, as well as the numerical methods used to simulate corrosion and perform parameter studies. The influence of composition and microstructure of concrete on corrosion behaviour is explored. The second half of the book, which deals with corrosion prevention methods, starts with a discussion on stainless steels as reinforcement materials. There are comprehensive reviews of the use of surface treatments and coatings, of the application of corrosion inhibitors and of the application of electrochemical techniques. In each case the necessary scientific fundamentals are explained and practical instances of use are looked at. This is an invaluable guide for engineers, materials scientists and researchers in the field of structural concrete. - Fundamental aspects of corrosion in concrete are analysed in detail - Explores how to minimise the effects of corrosion in concrete - Invaluable guide for engineers, materials scientists and researchers in the field of structural concrete




Corrosion of Steel in Concrete


Book Description

Steel-reinforced concrete is used ubiquitously as a building material due to its unique combination of the high compressive strength of concrete and the high tensile strength of steel. Therefore, reinforced concrete is an ideal composite material that is used for a wide range of applications in structural engineering such as buildings, bridges, tunnels, harbor quays, foundations, tanks and pipes. To ensure durability of these structures, however, measures must be taken to prevent, diagnose and, if necessary, repair damage to the material especially due to corrosion of the steel reinforcement. The book examines the different aspects of corrosion of steel in concrete, starting from basic and essential mechanisms of the phenomenon, moving up to practical consequences for designers, contractors and owners both for new and existing reinforced and prestressed concrete structures. It covers general aspects of corrosion and protection of reinforcement, forms of attack in the presence of carbonation and chlorides, problems of hydrogen embrittlement as well as techniques of diagnosis, monitoring and repair. This second edition updates the contents with recent findings on the different topics considered and bibliographic references, with particular attention to recent European standards. This book is a self-contained treatment for civil and construction engineers, material scientists, advanced students and architects concerned with the design and maintenance of reinforced concrete structures. Readers will benefit from the knowledge, tools, and methods needed to understand corrosion in reinforced concrete and how to prevent it or keep it within acceptable limits.




Durability Design of Concrete Structures


Book Description

Comprehensive coverage of durability of concrete at both material and structural levels, with design related issues Links two active fields in materials science and structural engineering: the durability processes of concrete materials and design methods of concrete structures Facilitates communication between the two communities, helping to implement life-cycle concepts into future design methods of concrete structures Presents state-of-the-art information on the deterioration mechanism and performance evolution of structural concrete under environmental actions and the design methods for durability of concrete structures Provides efficient support and practical tools for life-cycle oriented structural design which has been widely recognized as a new generation of design philosophy for engineering structures The author has long experience working with the topic and the materials presented have been part of the author's current teaching course of Durability and Assessment of Engineering Structures for graduate students at Tsinghua University The design methods and approaches for durability of concrete structures are developed from newly finished high level research projects and have been employed as recommended provisions in design code including Chinese Code and Eurocode 2




Performance-Based Specifications and Control of Concrete Durability


Book Description

This work gives an overview of significant research from recent years concerning performance-based design and quality control for concrete durability and its implementation. In engineering practice, performance approaches are often still used in combination with prescriptive requirements. This is largely because, for most durability test methods, sufficient practical experience still has to be gained before engineers and owners are prepared to fully rely on them. This book, compiled by RILEM TC 230-PSC, is intended to assist efforts to successfully build the foundation for the full implementation of performance-based approaches through the exchange of relevant knowledge and experience between researchers and practitioners worldwide.