Sphingolipid Metabolism and Metabolic Disease


Book Description

This book provides an up-to-date review of the fundamentals of sphingolipid metabolism and its role in metabolic diseases. Focusing on the sphingolipid de novo synthesis pathway, the effect of sphingomyelin, ceramide, and sphingosine-1-phosphate, and linkage between sphingolipids and other lipids, such as cholesterol, it covers serine palmitoyltransferase, ceramide synthases, ceramidases, sphingosine kinases, and sphingomyelin synthases, and more. While highlighting how rare diseases related to abnormal glycosphingolipid metabolism, this publication introduces sphingolipid metabolism-related diseases, such as lung diseases and cancers, as well as sphingolipid circadian regulation. The book demonstrates advances and limitations of research on sphingolipid metabolism and its roles in metabolic diseases and other diseases. It offers graduate students and researchers a coherent overview of sphingolipids, as well as the limitations of current research in the field, and promotes further studies on metabolic diseases, as well as pharmaceutical research on drug discovery based on sphingolipid de novo synthase.




Sphingolipids and Metabolic Disease


Book Description

Current thinking holds that obesity derives primarily from overnutrition (though compelling arguments for other mechanisms, like endocrine disruption by environmental pollutants, also gain support from the literature). In animals, overnutrition is initially handled by adipose tissue expansion; however, exhaustion of this route of lipid sequestering results in oversupply of lipid to other tissues including skeletal muscle, heart, liver, and others. Failure of these tissues to clear excess lipids through either metabolism or sequestration into putatively inert triacylglycerols results in perturbation of bioactive lipid metabolism in cells. In particular, aberrant generation of bioactive sphingolipids is implicated in a multitude of pathological outcomes of metabolic disease including insulin resistance, inflammation, cardiomyopathy, and others. This volume addresses not only the fundamentals of sphingolipid metabolism and analysis, but also the roles of sphingolipids in these disease processes.




Inborn Disorders of Sphingolipid Metabolism


Book Description

Inborn Disorders of Sphingolipid Metabolism is a collection of papers presented at the Third International Symposium on the Cerebral Sphingolipidoses and Allied Diseases, held at the Isaac Albert Research Institute of the Jewish Chronic Disease Hospital and at the State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, on October 25 and 26, 1965. This book is organized into three parts encompassing 35 chapters. Part I deals first with electron microscopic, histochemical, and morphological investigations of certain sphingolipid metabolism disorders. This part also examines several case reports on the features and symptoms of spongy degeneration of the central nervous system, familial leukodystrophy, adrenal insufficiency, and cutaneous melanosis. Part II surveys the metabolism, biosynthesis, and structure of gangliosides and sialic acids. This part also considers the nature of the lipophilic portions of the brain gangliosides. This part particularly looks into the features and clinical manifestation of Tay-Sachs disease. The third part covers the genetic and clinical aspects of the Tay-Sachs disease. This part also evaluates the genetics of the Hurler-Hunter syndrome, Batten-Spielmeyer-Vogt disease, and lipogranulomatosis syndrome. This book is of value to biochemists, histochemists, geneticists, and researchers in the allied fields of lipidosis.







Sphingolipid Metabolism and Cell Signaling, Part A


Book Description

Sphingolipids are found in all eukaryotic and in some prokaryotic organisms and provide structure for cell membranes, lipoproteins, and other biological materials as well as participate in the regulation of cell growth, differentiation, and diverse cell functions, including cell-cell communication, cell-substratum interactions, and intracellular signal transduction. This volume presents methods used in studying enzymes of sphingolipid biosynthesis and turnover, including inhibitors of some of these enzymes, genetic approaches, and organic and enzymatic syntheses of sphingolipids and analogs. Its companion Volume 312 will contain information on analyzing sphingolipids, sphingolipid transport and trafficking, and sphingolipid-protein interactions and cellular targets. The critically acclaimed laboratory standard for more than forty years, Methods in Enzymology is one of the most highly respected publications in the field of biochemistry. Since 1955, each volume has been eagerly awaited, frequently consulted, and praised by researchers and reviewers alike. Now with more than 300 volumes (all of them still in print), the series contains much material still relevant today--truly an essential publication for researchers in all fields of life sciences.




Sphingolipid Metabolism and Cell Signaling


Book Description

Sphingolipids are found in all eukaryotic and in some prokaryotic organisms and provide structure for cell membranes, lipoproteins, and other biological materials as well as participate in the regulation of cell growth, differentiation, and diverse cell functions, including cell-cell communication, cell-substratum interactions, and intracellular signal transduction. This volume presents methods used in studying enzymes of sphingolipid biosynthesis and turnover, including inhibitors of some of these enzymes, genetic approaches, and organic and enzymatic syntheses of sphingolipids and analogs. Its companion Volume 312 will contain information on analyzing sphingolipids, sphingolipid transport and trafficking, and sphingolipid-protein interactions and cellular targets. The critically acclaimed laboratory standard for more than forty years, Methods in Enzymology is one of the most highly respected publications in the field of biochemistry. Since 1955, each volume has been eagerly awaited, frequently consulted, and praised by researchers and reviewers alike. Now with more than 300 volumes (all of them still in print), the series contains much material still relevant today--truly an essential publication for researchers in all fields of life sciences.




Sphingolipid Metabolism and Cell Signaling, Part B


Book Description

This volume contains information on analyzing sphingolipids, sphingolipid transport and trafficking, and sphingolipid-protein interactions and cellular targets. Its companion Volume 311 presents methods used in studying enzymes of sphingolipid biosynthesis and turnover, including inhibitors of some of these enzymes, genetic approaches, and organic and enzymatic syntheses of sphingolipids and analogs. The critically acclaimed laboratory standard for more than forty years, Methods in Enzymology is one of the most highly respected publications in the field of biochemistry. Since 1955, each volume has been eagerly awaited, frequently consulted, and praised by researchers and reviewers alike. Now with more than 300 volumes (all of them still in print), the series contains much material still relevant today--truly an essential publication for researchers in all fields of life sciences.




Sphingolipids: Basic Science and Drug Development


Book Description

Sphingolipids are lipid components of the plasma membrane in eukaryotic cells. They have an important function in signaling mechanisms in the cell. This book on sphingolipids provides insights into the basics of sphingolipid biology and drug development, with a particular emphasis on the sphingolipid derivative ceramide. In the first part basic functions of sphingolipids are described, as well as the genetics of important enzymes, sphingolipid metabolism and synthesis. The second part of this first volume focuses on drug development and pharmacology. The book is intended for scientists in pharmacology, biochemistry and cell biology with a focus on biomedical research as well as for clinicians working in pharmacology, oncology, cardiology, neurology and infectious disease. Together with Volume 216 by the same editors, the collection represents a unique, comprehensive work on sphingolipids, providing information on both sphingolipids’ basic biology (including synthesis, metabolism and cell biology) and their important function in a (patho-)physiological context.




Sphingolipids, Sphingolipidoses and Allied Disorders


Book Description

This text contains the scientific contributions to the Fourth International Symposium on Sphingolipids, Sphingo lipidoses and Allied Disorders held at the Kingsbrook Jewish Medical Center on October 25-27, 1971. These meetings were conducted under the auspices of the Isaac Albert Research Institute of the Kingsbrook Jewish Medical Center and the National Tay-Sachs and Allied Diseases Association, Inc. Four symposia, held in 1958, 1961, 1965 and 1971 were designed to gather the most relevant and innovative of the laboratory and field studies concerned with these hereditary disorders. The texts generated by these periodic meetings have mirrored the increasing absorption of the scientific community in the problems of sphingolipid metabolism. The first meeting in 1958 consisted of but twelve pre sentations, the majority emanating from local laboratories. The current sessions contain 48 scientific presentations by scientists from nine countries and demonstrate the increas ingly diversified techniques and approaches employed in the study of these diseases. Many of the authors, in exploring data on the mucopolysaccharidoses and leucodystrophies, as well as the sphingolipidoses, have given recognition to those biochemical areas held in common by these otherwise diverse disease processes. The problems of prevention and therapy of these diseases have been considered by some of the contributors. Laboratory screening procedures designed to detect carriers of the va rious lipidoses are now available and the experiences of some laboratories in this area are summarized within this volume. The prospective identification of heterozygotes may indeed become a powerful adjunct in genetic counseling.




Sphingolipids as Signaling and Regulatory Molecules


Book Description

This book attempts to analyze the latest discoveries in sphingolipid biology and how the alteration of their metabolism leads to altered signaling events and to the development of pathobiological disorders, such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, asthma, diabetes, inflammation and infectious diseases.