Author : J. W. McBain
Publisher :
Page : 24 pages
File Size : 10,43 MB
Release : 1949
Category : Lubrication and lubricants
ISBN :
The surface properties of oils were studied in a short series of experiments on their film viscosities and surface tensions. Information about film formation in general was obtained from the behavior of single bubbles on the surface and from the coalesence of pairs of bubbles below the surface of various pure and binary liquids.
Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 167 pages
File Size : 26,45 MB
Release : 2016-03-22
Category : Nature
ISBN : 0309380103
Diluted bitumen has been transported by pipeline in the United States for more than 40 years, with the amount increasing recently as a result of improved extraction technologies and resulting increases in production and exportation of Canadian diluted bitumen. The increased importation of Canadian diluted bitumen to the United States has strained the existing pipeline capacity and contributed to the expansion of pipeline mileage over the past 5 years. Although rising North American crude oil production has resulted in greater transport of crude oil by rail or tanker, oil pipelines continue to deliver the vast majority of crude oil supplies to U.S. refineries. Spills of Diluted Bitumen from Pipelines examines the current state of knowledge and identifies the relevant properties and characteristics of the transport, fate, and effects of diluted bitumen and commonly transported crude oils when spilled in the environment. This report assesses whether the differences between properties of diluted bitumen and those of other commonly transported crude oils warrant modifications to the regulations governing spill response plans and cleanup. Given the nature of pipeline operations, response planning, and the oil industry, the recommendations outlined in this study are broadly applicable to other modes of transportation as well.
Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 278 pages
File Size : 32,80 MB
Release : 2003-03-14
Category : Science
ISBN : 0309084385
Since the early 1970s, experts have recognized that petroleum pollutants were being discharged in marine waters worldwide, from oil spills, vessel operations, and land-based sources. Public attention to oil spills has forced improvements. Still, a considerable amount of oil is discharged yearly into sensitive coastal environments. Oil in the Sea provides the best available estimate of oil pollutant discharge into marine waters, including an evaluation of the methods for assessing petroleum load and a discussion about the concerns these loads represent. Featuring close-up looks at the Exxon Valdez spill and other notable events, the book identifies important research questions and makes recommendations for better analysis ofâ€"and more effective measures againstâ€"pollutant discharge. The book discusses: Inputâ€"where the discharges come from, including the role of two-stroke engines used on recreational craft. Behavior or fateâ€"how oil is affected by processes such as evaporation as it moves through the marine environment. Effectsâ€"what we know about the effects of petroleum hydrocarbons on marine organisms and ecosystems. Providing a needed update on a problem of international importance, this book will be of interest to energy policy makers, industry officials and managers, engineers and researchers, and advocates for the marine environment.
Author : Hervé Toulhoat
Publisher : Editions TECHNIP
Page : 400 pages
File Size : 29,48 MB
Release : 1992
Category : Science
ISBN : 9782710806189
Author : Merv Fingas
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 641 pages
File Size : 23,67 MB
Release : 2015-02-02
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 0470455519
Provides a scientific basis for the cleanup and for the assessment of oil spills Enables Non-scientific officers to understand the science they use on a daily basis Multi-disciplinary approach covering fields as diverse as biology, microbiology, chemistry, physics, oceanography and toxicology Covers the science of oil spills from risk analysis to cleanup and through the effects on the environment Includes case studies examining and analyzing spills, such as Tasman Spirit oil spill on the Karachi Coast, and provides lessons to prevent these in the future
Author : Ioannis Karapanagiotis
Publisher : MDPI
Page : 90 pages
File Size : 29,98 MB
Release : 2020-11-18
Category : Science
ISBN : 3039435418
Materials of extreme wetting properties have received significant attention, as they offer new perspectives providing numerous potential applications. Water- and oil-repellent surfaces can be used, for instance, in the automobile, microelectronics, textile and biomedical industries; in the protection and preservation of constructions, buildings and cultural heritage; and in several other applications relevant to self-cleaning, biocide treatments, oil–water separation and anti-corrosion, just to name a few. The papers included in this book present innovative production methods of advanced materials with extreme wetting properties that are designed to serve some of the abovementioned applications. Moreover, the papers explore the scientific principles behind these advanced materials and discuss their applications to different areas of coating technology.
Author : Stephen Gekwu Udeagbara
Publisher : Universal-Publishers
Page : 125 pages
File Size : 20,2 MB
Release : 2010-07-30
Category : Surface chemistry
ISBN : 1599423553
Surface tension is one of the major issues encountered in the oil industry. This study investigated the laboratory effect of temperature and impurities on surface tension of crude oil samples and water. The aforementioned tests were carried out (in line with industrial standard) on the samples in order to determine the relationship between surface tension, temperature and impurities and also to compare the variation in the measured property due to temperature and impurities. Prediction equations were also built. The results show that surface tension decreases with an increase in temperature in the crude oil samples, water and detergent, while there was an increment in the presence of salt and bentonite as the concentrations increase. We also observed that surface tension increases with water-in-oil emulsion. Also, we see a strong relationship between temperature, impurities and the measured property (surface tension) with an r2 value range of 0.7441 to 0.8638 in all the tests carried out. This study utilized graphic and statistical illustrations to highlight the effect of temperature and impurities on the investigated property and the corresponding effect in the oil industry. The collective and individual relationship between the independent and dependent variable was highlighted and variations were scientifically explained. The prediction equations serve as a quick guide to reservoir engineers to determine the variation in the measured property from other samples of crude oil and water.
Author : Chandrabhan Verma
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 875 pages
File Size : 28,56 MB
Release : 2024-10-07
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 0443141290
Polymeric Nanofibers and their Composites: Recent Advances and Applications covers the fundamentals, synthesis, characterization, properties, and applications of natural and synthetic nanofibers and their related composites. The book covers industrial, biological, and environmental applications, including biomedical, wastewater treatment, energy storage and conversions, gas adsorption, supercapacitors, electrocatalysis, electronics, sensors, batteries, fuel cells, solar cells, water splitting, catalysis, separation, and purification. With an international author base, this book can be considered a valuable reference resource for academic and industrial researchers, materials scientists, and engineers, and all those working in the fabrication of nanofibers, design of nanomaterials, and polymers, composites, and their related industrial applications. - Covers a broad spectrum of nanofibers with particular emphasis on natural nanofibers and their related composites - Provides detailed information on synthesis methods - Reviews advantages and disadvantages including natural and synthetic nanofibers - Focuses on advanced industrial scale developments including current challenges in manufacturing - Discusses industrial, biological, and environmental applications
Author :
Publisher :
Page : 670 pages
File Size : 45,27 MB
Release : 1920
Category : Mechanical engineering
ISBN :
Author :
Publisher :
Page : 402 pages
File Size : 37,68 MB
Release : 1918
Category : Engineering
ISBN :
