Britain and the Revolt in Cyprus, 1954-1959


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This is the first in-depth reconstruction of a major British decolonization based fully on original documentation. Charting the `inner history' of a violent colonial Emergency, it provides a case-study of the dilemmas posed by the challenge of terrorism overseas after 1945. Robert Holland analyses the evolution of a political settlement which, almost uniquely in the British `end of empire', slid beyond the United Kingdom's control. He considers the effects of the revolt on the politics of the surrounding region, particularly in relation to the emerging ethnic struggle between Greeks and Turks. His work offers a fresh perspective on Mediterranean and Middle Eastern developments, including the involvement of NATO and the United States, in the age of the Suez Crisis and its aftermath. This account is essential reading for anybody interested in the liquidation of the British Empire, the breakdown of ethnic co-existence under intense pressure, and the effects of regional destabilization on the wider international system.




Masters' Theses: 1909-70


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Acceleration of History


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We willingly imagine that the speed of development of events has always remained constant here on earth. This is reflected in the fact that it is generally believed that the rate of natural phenomena is the same today as it has always been in the past and will remain this way more or less in the future. It is, now, a fact that the speed of progression of events is not constant over time. It was ascertained that since around the beginning of the 20th century the rate has accelerated in various fields, hence the term "acceleration of history" came to describe this phenomenon. This acceleration continues its course today and will even intensify. Examples meeting these historical vaults in short time periods are many, either local or international, that contributed to the change of the direction of history. Under any circumstances though, the “mature” conditions for change are not enough without the human interference. This phenomenon has been referred to as the “acceleration of history” in order to emphasize the fact that if in the past a certain lapse of time was necessary for history to unfold—for the events to take place—today, and starting around the beginning of the 20th century, this time lapse was becoming increasingly shorter. The events today, therefore, have intensified much more than in the past. So, which are considered as the main acceleration periods in history? Which events or developments de-normalized or deeply reformed the then acceptable norms, either national or international? Which events or developments changed the hard bits of history? These are the questions that we will try to answer in this edited volume.




Fighting EOKA


Book Description

Drawing upon a wide range of unpublished sources, including files from the recently-released Foreign and Commonwealth Office 'migrated archive', Fighting EOKA is the first full account of the operations of the British security forces on Cyprus in the second half of the 1950s. It shows how between 1955 and 1959 these forces tried to defeat the Greek Cypriot paramilitary organisation, EOKA, which was fighting to bring about enosis, that is the union between Cyprus and Greece. By tracing the evolving pattern of EOKA violence and the responses of the police, the British army, the civil administration on the island, and the minority Turkish Cypriot community, David French explains why the British could contain the military threat posed by EOKA, but could not eliminate it. The result was that by the spring of 1959 a political stalemate had descended upon Cyprus, and none of the contending parties had achieved their full objectives. Greek Cypriots had to be content with independence rather than enosis. Turkish Cypriots, who had hoped to see the island partitioned on ethnic lines, were given only a share of power in the government of the new Republic, and the British, who had hoped to retain sovereignty over the whole of the island, were left in control of just two military enclaves.




Key to the Sinai


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Makarios


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When Mikhail Makarios became head of the Church of Cyprus in 1950, Greek Cypriots presumed that he would lead the struggle for union with Greece - partly because the Church was perceived to be the custodian of this nationalist tradition. And though Archbishop Makarios III pursued this objective energetically, by 1959 he had signed the agreements that established an independent Cyprus republic – ending the dream of enosis and setting the scene for today's struggles to bring peace to the island. In this first English language biography of one of the most important figures in Cypriot modern history, Demetris Assos shows how Makarios oscillated between his personal nationalist romantic idealism and the management of hard political realities on the ground, and argues a nuanced understanding of this ambivalence is crucial to contextualise and explain his actions. Assos shows how, by the 1950s, the political authority of Makarios' position became intertwined with his spiritual power. He also unpicks the influence of the Orthodox Church on modern Cypriot history. A new analysis of the Cyprus experience, this is an essential addition to our understanding of the Cyprus problem, and a new portrait of one of the great Cypriots.







The Cyprus Conflict


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