Journals of the House of Lords


Book Description

Appendices accompany vols. 64, 67-71.




Doing Business 2020


Book Description

Seventeen in a series of annual reports comparing business regulation in 190 economies, Doing Business 2020 measures aspects of regulation affecting 10 areas of everyday business activity.




Trusting in the Pensions Promise


Book Description

This report sets out the results of the Ombudsman's investigation into over 200 complaints about the security of final salary occupational pension schemes and alleged delays in the winding-up of certain such schemes, and the involvement of public bodies in this matter. Chapter 1 explains the Ombudsman's role and jurisdiction and the background to the investigation. Chapter 2 details the complaints, and the Government's initial response; chapter 3 sets out the results of further enquiries to help understand the context of the complaints. The fourth chapter provides the evidence that the investigation has disclosed through consideration of departmental files, official publications and other documentary sources. Chapters 5 and 6 contain the findings and the recommendations. The seventh chapter gives the Ombudsman's assessment of the Government response (appendix D) to the report, and the final chapter is the Ombudsman's conclusion. The Ombudsman makes three findings of maladministration by public bodies: (i) official information about the security that members of final salary schemes could expect from the minimum funding requirement (MFR) was sometimes inaccurate, often incomplete, largely inconsistent and therefore potentially misleading; (ii) the response by DWP to the actuarial profession's recommendation that disclosure should be made to pension scheme members of the risks of wind-up and the risks to accrued pension rights; (iii) the decision in 2002 by DWP to approve a change to the MFR basis. This maladministration was a significant contributory factor in the creation of the financial losses suffered by individuals, amounting to injustice. Recommendations include restoration of the core pension and non-core benefits and some consolatory payments to those fully covered by the recommendations, an apology to scheme trustees for the effects of the maladministration, and a review with the pensions industry to improve the time taken to wind up schemes. The Government, however, is minded not to comply with all of the recommendations, and so the Ombudsman reports to both Houses of Parliament that she has identified injustice caused by maladministration which the Government does not propose to remedy.







Fiscal Policy and Long-Term Growth


Book Description

This paper explores how fiscal policy can affect medium- to long-term growth. It identifies the main channels through which fiscal policy can influence growth and distills practical lessons for policymakers. The particular mix of policy measures, however, will depend on country-specific conditions, capacities, and preferences. The paper draws on the Fund’s extensive technical assistance on fiscal reforms as well as several analytical studies, including a novel approach for country studies, a statistical analysis of growth accelerations following fiscal reforms, and simulations of an endogenous growth model.




Pension Systems and Old-Age Income Support in East and Southeast Asia


Book Description

Old age income support will be one of the biggest social and economic challenges facing Asia in the twenty-first century. The growing spotlight on old age income support is largely due to exceptionally rapid population aging which is fundamentally reshaping Asia’s demographic profile. A young continent reaping the demographic dividend of a large youthful workforce is giving way to a greying continent where the ratio of retirees to workers is on the rise. In contrast to industrialized countries, most Asian countries do not yet have mature, well-functioning pension systems. As a result, they are ill prepared to provide economic security for the large number of retirees who loom on the region’s horizon. This book takes a close look at the pension systems of eight countries in East and Southeast Asia – namely, China, Indonesia, Korea, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam – which encompass a wide range of income and development levels. The book provides a comprehensive overview of pension systems in the eight countries, including an in-depth diagnosis to identify their major weaknesses and shortcomings. On the basis of the diagnosis, the book sets forth concrete and specific policy options for reforming Asia’s pension systems. Many policy options for reform are country-specific. For example, a top priority in China is to extend the pension system to rural areas. At the same time, a number of reforms – such as the need to extend coverage – resonate across the entire region. Appropriate reform will enable the region’s pension systems to deliver affordable, adequate and sustainable old-age economic security.




Collective Agreements


Book Description

Collective bargaining involves a process of negotiation between one or more unions and an employer or employers' organisation(s). The outcome is a collective agreement that defines terms of employment - typically wages, working hours and in-work benefits. The agreement affords labour protection: minimum wages, regular earnings; limits on working hours and predictable work schedules; safe working environments; parental leave and sick leave; and a fair share in the benefits of increased productivity. The International Labour Organization (ILO) Collective Agreements Recommendation 1951 (No. 91) considers, where appropriate and having regard to national practice, that measures should be taken to extend the application of all or some provisions of a collective agreement to all employers and workers included wthin the domain of the agreement. The extension of a collective agreement generalises the terms and conditions of employment, agreed between organised firms and workers, represented through their association(s) and union(s), to the non-organised firms within a sector, occupation or territory. The collection of chapters in this volume are about the extension of collective agreements as an act of public policy.




World Development Report 1994


Book Description

World Development Report 1994 examines the link between infrastructure and development and explores ways in which developing countries can improve both the provision and the quality of infrastructure services. In recent decades, developing countries have made substantial investments in infrastructure, achieving dramatic gains for households and producers by expanding their access to services such as safe water, sanitation, electric power, telecommunications, and transport. Even more infrastructure investment and expansion are needed in order to extend the reach of services - especially to people living in rural areas and to the poor. But as this report shows, the quantity of investment cannot be the exclusive focus of policy. Improving the quality of infrastructure service also is vital. Both quantity and quality improvements are essential to modernize and diversify production, help countries compete internationally, and accommodate rapid urbanization. The report identifies the basic cause of poor past performance as inadequate institutional incentives for improving the provision of infrastructure. To promote more efficient and responsive service delivery, incentives need to be changed through commercial management, competition, and user involvement. Several trends are helping to improve the performance of infrastructure. First, innovation in technology and in the regulatory management of markets makes more diversity possible in the supply of services. Second, an evaluation of the role of government is leading to a shift from direct government provision of services to increasing private sector provision and recent experience in many countries with public-private partnerships is highlighting new ways to increase efficiency and expand services. Third, increased concern about social and environmental sustainability has heightened public interest in infrastructure design and performance.




Making Globalization Work


Book Description

Nobel Prize winner Stiglitz focuses on policies that truly work and offers fresh, new thinking about the questions that shape the globalization debate.




Internships, Employability and the Search for Decent Work Experience


Book Description

This groundbreaking book examines the growing phenomenon of internships and the policy issues they raise, during a time when internships or traineeships have become an important way of transitioning from education into paid work.