Tuberculosis in the Workplace


Book Description

Before effective treatments were introduced in the 1950s, tuberculosis was a leading cause of death and disability in the United States. Health care workers were at particular risk. Although the occupational risk of tuberculosis has been declining in recent years, this new book from the Institute of Medicine concludes that vigilance in tuberculosis control is still needed in workplaces and communities. Tuberculosis in the Workplace reviews evidence about the effectiveness of control measuresâ€"such as those recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Preventionâ€"intended to prevent transmission of tuberculosis in health care and other workplaces. It discusses whether proposed regulations from the Occupational Safety and Health Administration would likely increase or sustain compliance with effective control measures and would allow adequate flexibility to adapt measures to the degree of risk facing workers.




A Smarter National Surveillance System for Occupational Safety and Health in the 21st Century


Book Description

The workplace is where 156 million working adults in the United States spend many waking hours, and it has a profound influence on health and well-being. Although some occupations and work-related activities are more hazardous than others and face higher rates of injuries, illness, disease, and fatalities, workers in all occupations face some form of work-related safety and health concerns. Understanding those risks to prevent injury, illness, or even fatal incidents is an important function of society. Occupational safety and health (OSH) surveillance provides the data and analyses needed to understand the relationships between work and injuries and illnesses in order to improve worker safety and health and prevent work-related injuries and illnesses. Information about the circumstances in which workers are injured or made ill on the job and how these patterns change over time is essential to develop effective prevention programs and target future research. The nation needs a robust OSH surveillance system to provide this critical information for informing policy development, guiding educational and regulatory activities, developing safer technologies, and enabling research and prevention strategies that serves and protects all workers. A Smarter National Surveillance System for Occupational Safety and Health in the 21st Century provides a comprehensive assessment of the state of OSH surveillance. This report is intended to be useful to federal and state agencies that have an interest in occupational safety and health, but may also be of interest broadly to employers, labor unions and other worker advocacy organizations, the workers' compensation insurance industry, as well as state epidemiologists, academic researchers, and the broader public health community. The recommendations address the strengths and weaknesses of the envisioned system relative to the status quo and both short- and long-term actions and strategies needed to bring about a progressive evolution of the current system.




Working for a healthier tomorrow


Book Description

Around 175 million working days were lost to illness in 2006. Some 7 per cent of the working population is workless and receiving benefits because of long-term health conditions or disabilities. This represents a significant cost to the economy - in cost of benefits, healthcare, forgone taxes, lost production, sickness absence, informal care - estimated at between £103 and £129 billion. The review's vision for health and work in Britain is based on three principal objectives: prevention of illness and promotion of health and well-being; early intervention for those who develop a health condition; an improvement in the health of those out of work. The review establishes the first baseline for the health of the working population. It then examines the role of the workplace in health and well-being. Work is good for both physical and mental health (Waddell & Burton, 2006, "Is work good for your health and well-being?" TSO, ISBN 9780117036949). Employers, trade unions, employees, safety and health practitioners should all promote the benefits of investment in health and well-being. The review calls of a fundamental shift in the perception of fitness for work, to move away from it being inappropriate to be at work if not 100 per cent fit. Early intervention can prevent short-tem sickness becoming more serious, and pilot trials of a new Fit for Work service are proposed. More health support for workless people on incapacity benefits is recommended. Professional expertise for working age health is needed, and occupational health should be in the mainstream of healthcare provision. To safeguard the future health of the working population, young people should understand the benefits of a life in work. The review closes with proposals for taking the agenda forward.




Law and Corporate Behaviour


Book Description

This book examines the theories and practice of how to control corporate behaviour through legal techniques. The principal theories examined are deterrence, economic rational acting, responsive regulation, and the findings of behavioural psychology. Leading examples of the various approaches are given in order to illustrate the models: private enforcement of law through litigation in the USA, public enforcement of competition law by the European Commission, and the recent reform of policies on public enforcement of regulatory law in the United Kingdom. Noting that behavioural psychology has as yet had only limited application in legal and regulatory theory, the book then analyses various European regulatory structures where behavioural techniques can be seen or could be applied. Sectors examined include financial services, civil aviation, pharmaceuticals, and workplace health & safety. Key findings are that 'enforcement' has to focus on identifying the causes of non-compliance, so as to be able to support improved performance, rather than be based on fear motivating complete compliance. Systems in which reporting is essential for safety only function with a no-blame culture. The book concludes by proposing an holistic model for maximising compliance within large organisations, combining public regulatory and criminal controls with internal corporate systems and external influences by stakeholders, held together by a unified core of ethical principles. Hence, the book proposes a new theory of ethical regulation. This title is included in Bloomsbury Professional's International Arbitration online service.







Construction Matters


Book Description

The construction industry provides employment for more than 2.8 million people, contributed 8.7 per cent of the UK economy's gross value-added (GVA) in 2006. The built environment is estimated to account for some 70 per cent of UK manufactured wealth. The industry's ability to deliver projects successfully in terms of time, cost and design quality has a major impact on the economy's wider performance. Construction is vital for the provision of good quality public services, and plays a role in the delivery of just over half of the Government's 30 public service agreements. It is also key to the long-term objective of making the UK a low-carbon society: buildings account for around half of greenhouse gas emissions. The health of the construction industry is a matter of public concern. The industry is complex and fragmented; it operates on low profit margins. There are difficulties in ensuring that lessons from experience are shared; that the workforce is sufficiently trained; and that appropriate contractual relationships are in place between different parts of the supply chain. The industry has set new targets for itself, and, in conjunction with government, established a Strategy for Sustainable Construction. The Government, because of its roles as both client and regulator, can and must be at the forefront of the drive to embed best practice. The sector also needs strategic leadership, and the Committee recommends the creation of the post of Chief Construction Officer, which both government and the industry should accept as having overall responsibility for construction.




Regulating Workplace Risks


Book Description

'State of the art research into the state of the art of occupational health and safety management and inspection. Its authors provide a warts and all assessment of the possibilities and limits of regulating health and safety in an increasingly challenging environment. A must read for anyone concerned about improving workplace health and safety in the new world of work.' Eric Tucker, York University, Canada 'This book, long in gestation, provides a profound analysis of the challenge to labour inspection of regulating OHS through a focus on management systems. Its detailed analysis of 5 disparate countries is a treasure trove of research, providing a rich opportunity for learning across jurisdictions. It provides a masterly dissection of the increasingly complex, competitive and pared down context of globalisation and then challenges it. Recording some successes, but more shortcomings, it is food for deep reflection by inspectorates and politicians internationally.' Andrew Hale, Hastam, UK and Emeritus Professor, Delft University, The Netherlands 'Despite the complaints of neo-liberal ideologists about the "burden on business" this book argues that there is no justification for reduced regulation and regulatory surveillance of health and safety at work. Drawing on analyses of the role played by labour inspection in Australia, Sweden, Canada, France and the UK, the authors provide a timely examination of the contemporary organisational and other challenges it faces with particular reference to the inadequacy of self regulation and the rise of systematic occupational health and safety management.' Theo Nichols, Cardiff University, UK 'An impressively broad and sophisticated study of a critical aspect of OHS regulation. This is the best socio-legal analysis available of the contexts, strategies and practices involved in inspection of approaches to managing health and safety in the face of change.' Neil Gunningham, Australian National University, Canberra Regulating Workplace Risks is a study of regulatory inspection of occupational health and safety (OHS) and its management in five countries Australia, Canada (Québec), France, Sweden and the UK during a time of major change. It examines the implications of the shift from specification to process based regulation, in which attention has been increasingly directed to the means of managing OHS more systematically at a time in which a major restructuring of work has occurred in response to the globalised economy. These changes provide both the context and material for a wider discussion of the nature of regulation and regulatory inspection and their role in protecting the health, safety and well-being of workers in advanced market economies. With its comparative nature and empirical studies, this book will appeal to OHS policy makers and regulators all over the world, as well as students in the field of occupational health and safety regulation internationally.




A Dictionary of Human Resource Management


Book Description

The authoritative source of precise and easy to understand definitions of words, terms, and phrases that are used in the fields of Human Resource Management, Personnel, and Industrial Relations, this new edition of the Dictionary of Human Resource Management has been thoroughly revised and updated to reflect changes in vocabulary and usage. All the previous editions' entries have been reviewed, around 300 new entries have been added, and the existing entries thoroughly edited to reflect changes in the usage of terms, changes in institutions and official bodies, and keeps pace with the evolving HRM vocabulary. With over 1,400 entries, this new edition of the Dictionary features: * The latest terms and management buzzwords * Key theoretical terms and concepts from academics and consultants * Technical terms used by practising personnel/HR managers and trade unionists * Major policies, practices, and institutions * Jargon from the present and the past * Legal terms * Thematic categorization of the main concepts * Cross-referencing of entries The second edition of the Dictionary of Human Resource Management is a vital companion for students and practitioners in HRM, Personnel, and Industrial Relations.