An Introduction to Ray Tracing


Book Description

The creation of ever more realistic 3-D images is central to the development of computer graphics. The ray tracing technique has become one of the most popular and powerful means by which photo-realistic images can now be created. The simplicity, elegance and ease of implementation makes ray tracing an essential part of understanding and exploiting state-of-the-art computer graphics.An Introduction to Ray Tracing develops from fundamental principles to advanced applications, providing "how-to" procedures as well as a detailed understanding of the scientific foundations of ray tracing. It is also richly illustrated with four-color and black-and-white plates. This is a book which will be welcomed by all concerned with modern computer graphics, image processing, and computer-aided design. - Provides practical "how-to" information - Contains high quality color plates of images created using ray tracing techniques - Progresses from a basic understanding to the advanced science and application of ray tracing




Programming in 3 Dimensions


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OT Report


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The Ray Tracer Challenge


Book Description

Brace yourself for a fun challenge: build a photorealistic 3D renderer from scratch! In just a couple of weeks, build a ray tracer that renders beautiful scenes with shadows, reflections, refraction effects, and subjects composed of various graphics primitives: spheres, cubes, cylinders, triangles, and more. With each chapter, implement another piece of the puzzle and move the renderer forward. Use whichever language and environment you prefer, and do it entirely test-first, so you know it's correct.




Computer Routines for Synthesizing Ground Backscatter from Three-dimensional Raysets


Book Description

Digital-computer routines in Fortran are described that synthesize artificial ground-backscatter displays from raysets, the punched card output of a three-dimensional ionospheric radio ray-tracing program. The theory is given by the authors in RadioScience (Aug. 1969). Sample displays in the elevation-azimuth, range-elevation, range-azmiuth, sweep-frequency, and range-time modes are shown, along with some additional displays that are useful in interpreting backscatter data. A routine for plotting intensity gradations on a cathode-ray-tube display unit is also described.










Ray-tracing Simulation of Swept-frequency Backscatter Ionograms


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Computed swept-frequency traces of minimum group-path in backscatter-radar ionograms are presented for ionospheric electron distributions in the polar region. Some of the traces for ground backscatter contain cusps that are shown to result when a small fraction of rays from the radar encounter a region in which the vertical electron-density gradient decreases sharply with distance after the rays passed through apogees. An accurate geomagnetic field model is used in obtaining traces for direct backscatter from field-aligned ionization that causes radar auroral clutter. A method is described for representing three-dimensional electron distributions. The method is sufficiently flexible for iterative ray computations, which appear as a reasonable and potentially reliable approach to the problem of converting backscatter-radar ionograms to electron distributions.




NTIA Report


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