Topics and approaches to studying intelligence


Book Description

The goal of "Topics and approaches to studying intelligence" is to bring into sharper focus the evolving nature of intelligence studies, which is in the midst of a period of significant expansion that is taking place across a number of dimensions. Working on this foundation of past and contemporary analytic intelligence studies, the chapters in "Topics and approaches to studying intelligence" highlight areas of debate and disagreement, provide insight into new areas of study and broaden the methodological toolset used by researchers. Both qualitative and quantitative approaches investigate analysis, alliances, competitive/private sector intelligence, gendered practices of intelligence agencies, the nature of intelligence studies scholarship, accreditation, intelligence disclosure for diplomacy, and the sharing of nuclear-related intelligence.




Understanding Intelligence


Book Description

The book includes all the background material required to understand the principles underlying intelligence, as well as enough detailed information on intelligent robotics and simulated agents so readers can begin experiments and projects on their own. By the mid-1980s researchers from artificial intelligence, computer science, brain and cognitive science, and psychology realized that the idea of computers as intelligent machines was inappropriate. The brain does not run "programs"; it does something entirely different. But what? Evolutionary theory says that the brain has evolved not to do mathematical proofs but to control our behavior, to ensure our survival. Researchers now agree that intelligence always manifests itself in behavior—thus it is behavior that we must understand. An exciting new field has grown around the study of behavior-based intelligence, also known as embodied cognitive science, "new AI," and "behavior-based AI." This book provides a systematic introduction to this new way of thinking. After discussing concepts and approaches such as subsumption architecture, Braitenberg vehicles, evolutionary robotics, artificial life, self-organization, and learning, the authors derive a set of principles and a coherent framework for the study of naturally and artificially intelligent systems, or autonomous agents. This framework is based on a synthetic methodology whose goal is understanding by designing and building. The book includes all the background material required to understand the principles underlying intelligence, as well as enough detailed information on intelligent robotics and simulated agents so readers can begin experiments and projects on their own. The reader is guided through a series of case studies that illustrate the design principles of embodied cognitive science.




Intelligence, Heredity and Environment


Book Description

This book discusses the nature - nurture debate as it relates to human intelligence.




Introduction to Personality and Intelligence


Book Description

Nick Haslam’s highly-anticipated new text is a thoroughly engaging introduction to the psychology of personality and, crucially, intelligence. The book is fully tailored to the British Psychological Society’s guidelines regarding the teaching of Individual Differences. The author’s writing style, use of pedagogy, and incorporation of the latest empirical research findings makes Introduction to Personality and Intelligence an essential textbook for all Psychology students taking a Personality or Individual Differences course.




Intelligence


Book Description

Intelligence (1979) examines the many complex issues which concern this aspect of learning and development. It is intended as a primer and introduction not only to the concept of intelligence itself but also to the technical and to the educational aspects of the subject. It brings together and critically discusses various views of intelligence, including the psychometric, the developmental and the behavioural.




The Cambridge Handbook of Intelligence and Cognitive Neuroscience


Book Description

This handbook introduces the reader to the thought-provoking research on the neural foundations of human intelligence. Written for undergraduate or graduate students, practitioners, and researchers in psychology, cognitive neuroscience, and related fields, the chapters summarize research emerging from the rapidly developing neuroscience literature on human intelligence. The volume focusses on theoretical innovation and recent advances in the measurement, modelling, and characterization of the neurobiology of intelligence differences, especially from brain imaging studies. It summarizes fundamental issues in the characterization and measurement of general intelligence, and surveys multidisciplinary research consortia and large-scale data repositories for the study of general intelligence. A systematic review of neuroimaging methods for studying intelligence is provided, including structural and diffusion-weighted MRI techniques, functional MRI methods, and spectroscopic imaging of metabolic markers of intelligence.




Multiple Intelligences


Book Description

Howard Gardner's brilliant conception of individual competence is changing the face of education today. In the ten years since the publication of his seminal Frames of Mind , thousands of educators, parents, and researchers have explored the practical implications of Multiple Intelligences (MI) theory—the powerful notion that there are separate human capacities, ranging from musical intelligence to the intelligence involved in understanding oneself. Multiple Intelligences: The Theory in Practice brings together previously published and original work by Gardner and his colleagues at Project Zero to provide a coherent picture of what we have learned about the educational applications of MI theory from projects in schools and formal research over the last decade.




Key Topics in Psychological Methods


Book Description

This volume features cutting-edge and impactful articles from across Springer's diverse journals publishing program. In this curated collection, our editorial team has brought together highly-cited and downloaded articles on the topic of Psychological Methods into one single resource. Moreover, this book enables readers to review a broad spectrum of quality research on a specialized topic, which we hope facilitates interdisciplinary and critical discussions of the topic at hand. As part of the Key Topics in Behavioral Sciences book series, this volume aims to serve as a quick reference for readers when writing or researching new topics or subject areas. Other topics in the series will include Psychological Research Methods, Health and Behavior, Industrial and Organizational Psychology, Sports Psychology, and Consumer Behavior. In the first section of the volume, articles focus on such topics as Artificial Intelligence, Cultural Learning, Human Evolution, Human-Computer Interaction, Referential Triangle, Social Interaction, Differences, Diversity, Evolution, Genetics, Populations, and Race. Next, the second section features research on Double Dialogicality, Generalization, Qualitative Research, Single Case, Data Analysis, Data Screening, Insufficient Effort Responding, Research Design, Research Methods, and Survey Research. Lastly in the final section of this collection, Data Snooping, Harking, Publication Bias, Simulation, Open Science, Philosophy Of Science, Questionable Research Practices, Research Ethics, Content-Analysis, Dictionary Analysis, Natural Language Processing, Structural Topic Modeling, Text Analysis, Thematic Analysis, and Topic Modeling are discussed.




Artificial Intelligence Approaches to Sustainable Accounting


Book Description

In an age defined by unparalleled technological advancements, globalization, and the looming specter of environmental and societal crises, the need for a holistic and sustainable approach to accounting practices has never been more pressing. Academic scholars stand witness to the challenges posed by the new era, characterized by transformative shifts across industry, education, community, and society at large. These shifts, driven by rapid advancements in Artificial Intelligence (AI), present a double-edged sword. While AI offers unprecedented opportunities for innovation, it also amplifies the urgency of addressing sustainability concerns. Today's society grapples with the immense responsibility of achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) outlined in Agenda 2030. It is imperative to not only understand but harness the power of AI to drive sustainability, enhance the quality of life, and ensure sustainable growth on both local and global scales. Artificial Intelligence Approaches to Sustainable Accounting serves as a beacon of knowledge, providing a comprehensive exploration of the intersection between AI, accounting, and sustainability. This book represents a vital solution to the challenges faced by academic scholars and practitioners alike. Within its pages lies a transdisciplinary approach that bridges the gap between these critical fields. Discover how AI can elevate accounting to new heights, extending the spectrum of information in organizational decision-making, promoting responsible reporting practices, and bolstering sustainable practices worldwide. This book not only reviews governance and management processes but also offers practical methodologies that empower organizations to embrace sustainability wholeheartedly.




Intelligence Analysis for Tomorrow


Book Description

The intelligence community (IC) plays an essential role in the national security of the United States. Decision makers rely on IC analyses and predictions to reduce uncertainty and to provide warnings about everything from international diplomatic relations to overseas conflicts. In today's complex and rapidly changing world, it is more important than ever that analytic products be accurate and timely. Recognizing that need, the IC has been actively seeking ways to improve its performance and expand its capabilities. In 2008, the Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI) asked the National Research Council (NRC) to establish a committee to synthesize and assess evidence from the behavioral and social sciences relevant to analytic methods and their potential application for the U.S. intelligence community. In Intelligence Analysis for Tomorrow: Advances from the Behavioral and Social Sciences, the NRC offers the Director of National Intelligence (DNI) recommendations to address many of the IC's challenges. Intelligence Analysis for Tomorrow asserts that one of the most important things that the IC can learn from the behavioral and social sciences is how to characterize and evaluate its analytic assumptions, methods, technologies, and management practices. Behavioral and social scientific knowledge can help the IC to understand and improve all phases of the analytic cycle: how to recruit, select, train, and motivate analysts; how to master and deploy the most suitable analytic methods; how to organize the day-to-day work of analysts, as individuals and teams; and how to communicate with its customers. The report makes five broad recommendations which offer practical ways to apply the behavioral and social sciences, which will bring the IC substantial immediate and longer-term benefits with modest costs and minimal disruption.