Unemployment and Underemployment


Book Description

As Australia’s economy recovers from the coronavirus pandemic, jobs growth is bouncing back in most sectors, in spite of disruptions from lockdowns and many workers being based at home. Meanwhile, the recent modest rise in the JobSeeker payment has been broadly criticised as insufficient to help recipients find work and keep up with the costs of living, entrenching financial stress and mental distress, and affecting motivation and skills. Of additional concern is the rate of underemployment, which has overtaken the jobless rate. Most new jobs being created are in part-time, casual or insecure gig work, affecting a higher proportion of young people. Is job insecurity now the norm for many Australians? This title explains the fundamentals around the measurement and types of unemployment and reveals who it most affects. It also examines the latest employment trends and impacts of casualisation on job security. Government policies and social sector strategies for tackling the economic and social consequences of unemployment and underemployment are also featured. Finding a job, and indeed enough employment, can be hard work in itself.




Unemployment and Underemployment


Book Description

This book explains the economic fundamentals featuring the latest employment statistics and report findings. It also explores the inadequacy of welfare support and reviews government and social sector strategies for tackling unemployment and underemployment. Finding a job, and indeed enough employment, can be hard work in itself.




Underemployment


Book Description

Underemployment – when people are employed in some way that is insufficient, such as being overqualified or working part-time when one desires full-time employment – is a challenge faced by all industrialized nations and their organizations and individuals. Just like unemployment, some level of underemployment exists even in the best of times, but it becomes more pervasive when the job market is weak. Given the current economic climate in North America and abroad, researchers and scholars in various disciplines (psychology, business, sociology, economics) are becoming more interested in investigating the effects of underemployment and identifying possible practical solutions. Underemployment synthesizes the current understanding of the phenomenon by bringing together scholars with diverse perspectives and expertise with the aim of informing and guiding the next generation of underemployment research.










The Social Costs of Underemployment


Book Description

Going beyond the usual focus on unemployment, this 2004 book explores the health effects of other kinds of underemployment including forms of inadequate employment as involuntary part-time and poverty wage work. Using the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, this compares falling into unemployment versus inadequate employment relative to remaining adequately employed. Outcomes include self-esteem, alcohol abuse, depression, and low birth weight. The panel data permit study of the plausible reverse causation hypothesis of selection. Because the sample is national and followed over two decades, the study explores cross-level effects (individual change and community economic climate) and developmental transitions. Special attention is given to school leavers and welfare mothers, and, in cross-generational analysis, the effect of mothers' employment on babies' birth weights. There emerges a way of conceptualizing employment status as a continuum ranging from good jobs to bad jobs to employment with implications for policy on work and health.







Alternatives To Unemployment And Underemployment


Book Description

The creation of jobs is critical in Third World countries where growing populations face unemployment or inadequate employment. Many have put forth theories and suggestions that address this problem, but there has been insufficient empirical analysis of the effects of specific policies on employment growth. The author examines macroeconomic theories of labour market behavior and labour force definitions and concepts, assessing how productive they are in formulating employment strategies for Colombia. The implications of a range of alternative policies for generating jobs, their effectiveness in reducing unemployment, and possible programs for the future are analyzed.