Author : Ron Haskins
Publisher :
Page : 472 pages
File Size : 15,61 MB
Release : 2006
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN :
As a key staffer on the House Ways and Means Committee, Haskins was one of the architects of the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Act of 1996. Here, he portrays the political battles that produced the most dramatic overhaul of the welfare system, since its creation as part of the New Deal.
Author : Great Britain
Publisher : The Stationery Office
Page : 100 pages
File Size : 23,39 MB
Release : 2007-05-10
Category : Architecture
ISBN : 9780105405078
This Act makes provision for the Employment and Support Allowance, which will replace incapacity benefit and income support on the grounds of incapacity. The benefit will have a new structure that incorporates both a contributory allowance and an income-related allowance, with the introduction of conditionality to some claimants receiving benefit. It also contains provisions relating to housing benefit, including measures to allow the reduction of benefit if a person is evicted for anti-social behaviour; and social security administration, including in relation to the the sharing of information, overpayment recovery and benefit fraud.
Author : Great Britain
Publisher : The Stationery Office
Page : 190 pages
File Size : 41,47 MB
Release : 2012-03-14
Category : Law
ISBN : 9780105430117
Royal assent, 8 March 2012. An Act to make provision for universal credit and personal independence payment; to make other provision about social security and tax credits; to make provision about the functions of the registration service, child support maintenance and the use of jobcentres; to establish the Social Mobility and Child Poverty Commission and otherwise amend the Child Poverty Act 2010. Explanatory notes have been produced to assist in the understanding of this Act and will be available separately
Author : Great Britain: Parliament: House of Commons
Publisher : The Stationery Office
Page : 184 pages
File Size : 35,26 MB
Release : 2011
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780215557759
In July 2010 the Government published a consultation document "21st Century Welfare" (Cm.7913, ISBN 9780101791328). This set out a range of options for reform of the welfare system. As a result the Government produced a White Paper, "Universal Credit: Welfare that Works" (Cm. 7957, ISBN 9780101795722), alongside the Government's responses to the consultation (Consultation Responses to 21st Century Welfare (Cm. 7971, ISBN 9780101797122). The White Paper set out the Government's proposals for welfare reform, which aims to improve work incentives, simplify the benefits system and make it less costly to administer. This Bill gives effect to those proposals. The major proposal, as set out in the Bill, is the introduction of a new benefit, to be known as Universal Credit, which will replace existing in and out of work benefits. The Bill also makes provision for another new benefit, Personal Independence Payment, which will replace the existing Disability Living Allowance. The Bill consists of seven parts, and is set out as follows: Part 1: Universal Credit; Part 2: Working-age benefits; Part 3: Other benefit changes; Part 4: Personal independence payment; Part 5: Social security: general; Part 7: Final - sets out the repeals to existing legislation; financial provision and territorial extent. An Explanatory Note, HCB 154-EN, is also available (see ISBN 9780215546715).
Author : Michael E. Fix
Publisher : Russell Sage Foundation
Page : 244 pages
File Size : 37,35 MB
Release : 2009-11-25
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 1610446224
The lore of the immigrant who comes to the United States to take advantage of our welfare system has a long history in America's collective mythology, but it has little basis in fact. The so-called problem of immigrants on the dole was nonetheless a major concern of the 1996 welfare reform law, the impact of which is still playing out today. While legal immigrants continue to pay taxes and are eligible for the draft, welfare reform has severely limited their access to government supports in times of crisis. Edited by Michael Fix, Immigrants and Welfare rigorously assesses the welfare reform law, questions whether its immigrant provisions were ever really necessary, and examines its impact on legal immigrants' ability to integrate into American society. Immigrants and Welfare draws on fields from demography and law to developmental psychology. The first part of the volume probes the politics behind the welfare reform law, its legal underpinnings, and what it may mean for integration policy. Contributor Ron Haskins makes a case for welfare reform's ultimate success but cautions that excluding noncitizen children (future workers) from benefits today will inevitably have serious repercussions for the American economy down the road. Michael Wishnie describes the implications of the law for equal protection of immigrants under the U.S. Constitution. The second part of the book focuses on empirical research regarding immigrants' propensity to use benefits before the law passed, and immigrants' use and hardship levels afterwards. Jennifer Van Hook and Frank Bean analyze immigrants' benefit use before the law was passed in order to address the contested sociological theories that immigrants are inclined to welfare use and that it slows their assimilation. Randy Capps, Michael Fix, and Everett Henderson track trends before and after welfare reform in legal immigrants' use of the major federal benefit programs affected by the law. Leighton Ku looks specifically at trends in food stamps and Medicaid use among noncitizen children and adults and documents the declining health insurance coverage of noncitizen parents and children. Finally, Ariel Kalil and Danielle Crosby use longitudinal data from Chicago to examine the health of children in immigrant families that left welfare. Even though few states took the federal government's invitation with the 1996 welfare reform law to completely freeze legal immigrants out of the social safety net, many of the law's most far-reaching provisions remain in place and have significant implications for immigrants. Immigrants and Welfare takes a balanced look at the politics and history of immigrant access to safety-net supports and the ongoing impacts of welfare. Copublished with the Migration Policy Institute
Author : Gene Falk
Publisher :
Page : 90 pages
File Size : 27,48 MB
Release : 2008
Category : Political Science
ISBN :
The Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) block grant provides federal grants to states for a wide range of benefits, services, and activities. It is best known for helping states pay for cash welfare for needy families with children, but it funds a wide array of additional activities. TANF was created in the 1996 welfare reform law (P.L. 104-193). TANF funding and program authority were extended through FY2010 by the Deficit Reduction Act of 2005 (DRA, P.L. 109-171). TANF provides a basic block grant of $16.5 billion to the 50 states and District of Columbia, and $0.1 billion to U.S. territories. Additionally, 17 states qualify for supplemental grants that total $319 million. TANF also requires states to contribute from their own funds at least $10.4 billion for benefits and services to needy families with children -- this is known as the maintenance-of-effort (MOE) requirement. States may use TANF and MOE funds in any manner "reasonably calculated" to achieve TANF's statutory purpose. This purpose is to increase state flexibility to achieve four goals: (1) provide assistance to needy families with children so that they can live in their own homes or the homes of relatives; (2) end dependence of needy parents on government benefits through work, job preparation, and marriage; (3) reduce out-of-wedlock pregnancies; and (4) promote the formation and maintenance of two-parent families. Though TANF is a block grant, there are some strings attached to states' use of funds, particularly for families receiving "assistance" (essentially cash welfare). States must meet TANF work participation standards or be penalised by a reduction in their block grant. The law sets standards stipulating that at least 50% of all families and 90% of two-parent families must be participating, but these statutory standards are reduced for declines in the cash welfare caseload. (Some families are excluded from the participation rate calculation.) Activities creditable toward meeting these standards are focused on work or are intended to rapidly attach welfare recipients to the workforce; education and training is limited. Federal TANF funds may not be used for a family with an adult that has received assistance for 60 months. This is the five-year time limit on welfare receipt. However, up to 20% of the caseload may be extended beyond the five years for reason of "hardship", with hardship defined by the states. Additionally, states may use funds that they must spend to meet the TANF MOE to aid families beyond five years. TANF work participation rules and time limits do not apply to families receiving benefits and services not considered "assistance". Child care, transportation aid, state earned income tax credits for working families, activities to reduce out-of-wedlock pregnancies, activities to promote marriage and two-parent families, and activities to help families that have experienced or are "at risk" of child abuse and neglect are examples of such "nonassistance".
Author : Jeff GROGGER
Publisher : Harvard University Press
Page : 352 pages
File Size : 46,90 MB
Release : 2009-06-30
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 0674037960
In Welfare Reform, Jeffrey Grogger and Lynn Karoly assemble evidence from numerous studies to assess how welfare reform has affected behavior. To broaden our understanding of this wide-ranging policy reform, the authors evaluate the evidence in relation to an economic model of behavior.
Author : Neville Harris
Publisher : A&C Black
Page : 388 pages
File Size : 42,82 MB
Release : 2014-07-18
Category : Law
ISBN : 1782252754
Approximately half of the total UK population are in receipt of one or more welfare benefits, giving rise to the largest single area of government expenditure. The law and structures of social security are highly complex, made more so by constant adjustments as government pursues its often conflicting economic, political and social policy objectives. This complexity is highly problematic. It contributes to errors in decision-making and to increased administrative costs and is seen as disempowering for citizens, thereby weakening enjoyment of a key social right. Current and previous administrations have committed to simplifying the benefits system. It is a specific objective of the Welfare Reform Act 2012, which provides for the introduction of Universal Credit in place of diverse benefits. However, it is unclear whether the reformed system will be either less complex legally or more accessible for citizens. This book seeks to explain how and why complexity in the modern welfare system has grown; to identify the different ways in which legal and associated administrative arrangements are classifiable as 'complex'; to discuss the effects of complexity on the system's administration and its wider implications for rights and the citizen-state relationship; and to consider the role that law can play in the simplification of schemes of welfare. While primarily focused on the UK welfare system it also provides analysis of relevant policies and experience in various other states.
Author : Mark Simpson
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Page : 221 pages
File Size : 18,4 MB
Release : 2022-06-30
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 150994642X
This book presents a socio-legal examination of national and devolved-level developments in social protection in the UK, through the eyes of politicians and officials at the heart of this process. Since its inception in 1998, devolution has altered the character of the UK welfare state, with dramatic change in the 10 years since 2010. A decade of austerity at national level has exposed diverging view in how governments in London, Edinburgh and Belfast view the social rights of citizenship. This political divide has implications for both social security law, as the devolved countries begin to flex their muscles in this key area for citizens' economic welfare, and the constitutional settlement. The book reflects on the impact of austerity, the referendum on Scottish independence and subsequent changes to the devolution settlement, Northern Ireland's hesitant moves away from parity with Westminster in social protection, withdrawal from the European Union (Brexit), and the possible retreat from austerity during the COVID-19 pandemic. The social union may or may not be weakening; its character is unquestionably changing, and the book lays bare the ideological and pragmatic considerations driving legal developments. TH Marshall's theory of citizenship provides the lens through which these processes are viewed, while itself being reinterpreted in light of the national government's increasing delegation of responsibility for social rights – whether to individuals, the voluntary sector or lower tiers of government.
Author :
Publisher :
Page : 2054 pages
File Size : 33,15 MB
Release : 2010
Category : Law
ISBN :
