Annual Report


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Regional Cooperation for Water Quality Improvement in Southwestern Pennsylvania


Book Description

The city of Pittsburgh and surrounding area of southwestern Pennsylvania face complex water quality problems, due in large part to aging wastewater infrastructures that cannot handle sewer overflows and stormwater runoff, especially during wet weather. Other problems such as acid mine drainage are a legacy of the region's past coal mining, heavy industry, and manufacturing economy. Currently, water planning and management in southwestern Pennsylvania is highly fragmented; federal and state governments, 11 counties, hundreds of municipalities, and other entities all play roles, but with little coordination or cooperation. The report finds that a comprehensive, watershed-based approach is needed to effectively meet water quality standards throughout the region in the most cost-effective manner. The report outlines both technical and institutional alternatives to consider in the development and implementation of such an approach.




Annual Report


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Water Quality: Monitoring and Assessment


Book Description

The biological, radiological, chemical and physical traits of water are known as water quality. It is a measure of the water condition related to the requirements of biotic species and to human need. The health of ecosystems, safety of human contact, and drinking water are the most common standards used to measure water quality. Water quality parameters can be categorized into human consumption, environmental water quality, and industrial and domestic use. The measurement of water quality includes the process of sample collection, chemical analysis, real-time monitoring and testing in response to natural disasters. Various environmental indicators such as physical, chemical and biological indicators are also observed and used for the monitoring of water quality. This book explores all the important aspects of water quality in the present day scenario. It elucidates new techniques and their applications in a multidisciplinary manner. It will prove to be immensely beneficial to students and researchers in this field.




OFDA Annual Report


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Adaptive Governance and Water Conflict


Book Description

Water policy seems in perpetual crisis. Increasingly, conflicts extend beyond the statutory authority, competence, geographical jurisdictions, and political constituencies of highly specialized governing authorities. While other books address specific policy approaches or the application of adaptive management strategies to specific problems, this is the first book to focus more broadly on adaptive governance, or the evolution of new institutions that attempt to resolve conflicts among competing authorities. Adaptive Governance and Water Conflict investigates new types of water conflicts among users in the seemingly water-rich Eastern United States. Eight case studies of water quality, water quantity, and habitat preservation or restoration in Florida were chosen to span the range of conflicts crossing fragmented regulatory boundaries. Each begins with a history of the conflict and then focuses on the innovative institutional arrangements - some successful, some not - that evolved to grapple with the resulting challenges. In the chapters that follow, scholars and practitioners in urban planning, political science, engineering, law, policy, administration, and geology offer different theoretical and experience-based perspectives on the cases. Together, they discuss five challenges that new institutions must overcome to develop sustainable solutions for water users: Who is to be involved in the policy process? How are they to interact? How is science to be used? How are users and the public to be made aware? How can solutions be made efficient and equitable? In its diverse perspectives and unique combination of theory, application, and analysis, Adaptive Governance and Water Conflict will be a valuable book for water professionals, policy scientists, students, and scholars in natural resource planning and management.