Biomarkers in Nutrition


Book Description

This handbook provides an all-inclusive insight into biomarkers assessing the impact of nutrition on human health. The reader will gain insight into the area of circulating body fluid biomarkers, from cardiovascular related markers to liver functional tests. Various biomarkers related to the intake of micronutrient and macronutrients are presented, and the effects of different diets, pesticide exposure and dietary supplements are discussed, so are changes of genetic, cellular and histological variables. This systematic handbook is a must have for biomedical researchers as well as clinicians and pharmacologists, who wish to gain extensive understanding on the analysis of effects of various nutritional and dietary effects on human health, ageing and longevity.




Biomarkers: Precision Nutrition in Chronic Diseases


Book Description

Chronic diseases such as obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease are major causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide with increasing prevalence in all age groups, genders, and ethnicities. Emerging evidence suggests that precision nutrition plays a pivotal role in the prevention and management of chronic diseases and has been recognized as a key focus for the next ten years of health research. Currently, one of the major challenges in precision nutrition is the valid and reliable assessment of foods and nutrients intake, especially whole foods (e.g., fermented foods) and macromolecules (e.g., polysaccharides), as well as their impact on host health and disease. Strong evidence has supported that the biomarkers (e.g., metabolites) as an intermediate bridge can effectively link precision nutrition and chronic diseases, which can contribute to objectively assessing food consumption and precisely determining the biological effects of complex foods (ingredients). However, still we are at the very beginning to understand how precision nutrition regulates biomarkers to prevent chronic diseases with individual differences. The molecular mechanisms of key biomarkers in chronic diseases have not been fully elucidated and extensive studies are crucially warranted.







New Trends in Biomarkers and Diseases: An Overview


Book Description

Biomarkers are any measurable biochemical characteristics of an organism that reflect a particular physiological state. Biomarkers can take many different forms including particular proteins or peptides, antibodies, cell types, metabolites, hormones, enzyme levels, compounds related to genomics, etc. A biomarker can also be a substance introduced into a patient to assess the internal organ systems role. In medicine, biomarkers considered as compounds isolated from serum, urine, or other fluids, can be used as an indicator of the presence or severity of a particular disease state. The use of biomarkers is becoming a fundamental practice in medicine, Biomarker research involves a significantly greater scope of laboratory medicine. This monograph presents information on several types of biomarkers for general pathologies (preeclampsia, metabolic syndrome, iron metabolism, bone disease, liver function, renal function), cardiovascular pathology (including atrial fibrillation, peripheral artery disease, thrombotic disorders) and sepsis. Additional information on endocrine and salivary biomarkers is also presented. New Trends in Biomarkers and Diseases: An Overview is an ideal reference for medical students, pathology trainees and clinical researchers seeking information on biomarkers in medicine.




Feldman and Pike's Vitamin D


Book Description

Vitamin D deficiency is a worldwide problem linked to numerous diseases affecting men, women, and children of all ages. Enormous progress in the study of vitamin D has been made since the first edition of this highly-acclaimed book was published nearly 20 years ago, and current research continues to draw headlines. Feldman and Pike's Vitamin D, Fifth Edition continues to build on the successful formula from previous editions, taking the reader from the basic elements of fundamental research to the most sophisticated concepts in therapeutics. The two comprehensive volumes provide investigators, clinicians, and students with a comprehensive, definitive, and up-to-date compendium of the diverse scientific and clinical aspects of vitamin D, where each area is covered by both basic and clinical experts in the field. In Volume I: Biochemistry, Physiology and Diagnostics, international experts in endocrinology, bone biology, and human physiology take readers through the basic research of vitamin D. This impressive reference presents a comprehensive review of the multi-faceted actions of vitamin D relating both to skeletal and extra-skeletal action. Researchers from all areas of vitamin D will gain insight into how clinical observations and practices can feed back into the research cycle and will, therefore, be able to develop more targeted genomic, proteomic and metabolomic insights into the mechanisms of disease. Volume II: Health, Disease and Therapy authoritatively covers the evidence for new roles of vitamin D, ranging from organ transplantation to cancer, diabetes, inflammatory bowel disease, multiple sclerosis, and renal disease. The coverage is appropriately broad, drawing on aspects of internal medicine, pediatrics, nutrition, orthopedics, oncology, neurology, obstetrics and gynecology, and immunology, as well as, new areas for vitamin D including liver metabolism, veterinary medicine and ICU care – including COVID-19. Clinical researchers will gain a strong understanding of the molecular basis for a particular disease and better understand future directions for research in this still-growing field. • A comprehensive reference ranging from basic biochemistry, cell biology, and physiology principles to the clinical diagnostic and management implications of vitamin D • Saves researchers and clinicians time in quickly accessing the very latest details on the diverse scientific and clinical aspects of vitamin D, as opposed to searching through thousands of journal articles • Chapters written by the most prominent and well-published names in the field




Vitamin D Deficiency


Book Description

Vitamin D is the topic for many discussions in the scientific community. Nowadays, a different interpretation of this secosteroid hormone is needed. Today the term "vitamin" may be considered outdated. This compound may be correctly be called a vitamin only when it is administered to humans or animals that suffer from its deficiency. This book attempts to clarify the role of Vitamin D deficiency in many pathological processes in the whole organism. Chapters in this book cover such issues as the earliest clinical and preclinical investigations of the consequences of Vitamin D deficiency for cognitive, cardiovascular, metabolic, immune, and renal disorders.




A Critical Evaluation of Vitamin D


Book Description

Vitamin D, a fat-soluble vitamin, also called as "sunshine vitamin" is derived mostly from sun exposure and food, and for normal activation, it has to undergo two hydroxylation reactions. Vitamin D affects more than 2000 genes in the body. Serum level of 25(OH) D is an ideal indicator of vitamin D status in our body. Vitamin D deficiency leads to various diseases. On a therapeutic point of view, vitamin D helps to treat many diseases. The book "A Critical Evaluation of Vitamin D - Clinical Overview" targets the principles, mechanisms, and clinical significance of vitamin D. This book covers four sections: "Vitamin D in Cardiovascular and Renal Diseases", "Vitamin D in Age and Neurological Diseases", "Vitamin D and Cancer" and "Therapeutic Measurements of Vitamin D". Each of these sections is interwoven with the theoretical aspects and experimental techniques of basic and clinical sciences. This book will be a significant source to students, scientists, physicians, healthcare professionals and also other members of this society who are interested in exploring the role of vitamin D in human life. [Vitamin D can be considered as vitamin of "defense" since it cures several diseases. - Sivakumar Gowder]




Role of Biomarkers in Medicine


Book Description

The use of biomarkers in basic and clinical research has become routine in many areas of medicine. They are accepted as molecular signatures that have been well characterized and repeatedly shown to be capable of predicting relevant disease states or clinical outcomes. In Role of Biomarkers in Medicine, expert researchers in their individual field have reviewed many biomarkers or potential biomarkers in various types of diseases. The topics address numerous aspects of medicine, demonstrating the current conceptual status of biomarkers as clinical tools and as surrogate endpoints in clinical research. This book highlights the current state of biomarkers and will aid scientists and clinicians to develop better and more specific biomarkers for disease management.




Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease


Book Description

This book discusses all aspects of non-pharmacologic approaches to primary and secondary CVD prevention. It highlights the strength of evidence for particular diet styles in CVD prevention, including plant-based diets, the Mediterranean diet, the DASH diet, and low-carbohydrate diets. Chapters present evidence and future directions for diet and nutrition in diseases related to CVD, such as dyslipidemia, cardiometabolic disease (pre-diabetes, the metabolic syndrome, type-2 diabetes mellitus), and obesity. Finally, the book reviews novel and emerging aspects of dietary intervention in CVD prevention, such as dietary approaches to inflammation and the role of the microbiome in CVD. Up-to-date, evidence-based, and clinically oriented, Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease: Nutritional and Dietary Approaches is an essential resource for physicians, residents, fellows, and medical students in cardiology, clinical nutrition, family medicine, endocrinology, and lipidology.




Vitamin D in Chronic Kidney Disease


Book Description

Vitamin D deficiency, circulating levels lower than 15 ng/ml, is an epidemic disease worldwide with more than a billion people suffering of it in the beginning of the 21-century. Besides its impact on mineral and bone metabolism, these low vitamin D levels are also associated with a diversity of non-skeletal complications, among them cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, multiple sclerosis, cancer, tuberculosis, and immune system dysfunction. Chronic Kidney Disease is also a very common disease, affecting more than 10% of the world population, ranging from stage 1 to stage 5 before dialysis. Approximately 1% of the population in industrialized countries is affected by end-stage renal disease (ESRD), needing a renal replacement therapy either hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis, and ultimately by renal transplantation. Those CKD patients are more susceptible to exhibit reduced vitamin D stocks. Consequently, more than eighty percent of CKD patients have either insufficient or deficient vitamin D levels for multiple reasons.