An Analysis of the Exner Comprehensive Scoring System for the Rorschach Inkblot Test in Light of Recent Research


Book Description

The study represented an attempt to create an instrument intended to be used to assess the validity of the Comprehensive System for the Rorschach Inkblot Test (CS; Exner, 2003). The Rorschach Statements Survey (RSS) was created to assess self-reported population base rates for a variety of traits, and to compare self-reports with CS data to explore the effects of confirmation bias and the Barnum effect on CS interpretation. It originally contained eight subscales including Affect, Depression, Ideation, Information Processing, Self Perception, Social Desirability, and Capacity for Control and Stress Tolerance. Two groups of individuals were recruited to complete the RSS in an attempt to establish the instruments' internal consistency and reliability. A nonpatient group was recruited from a housing complex in upstate New York and a patient group was recruited at a transitional living program in northern Virginia. During the scoring and data analysis, it was determined that two subscales, Capacity for Control and Stress Tolerance, and Information Processing, would be abandoned due to poor design and poor reliability, respectively. Six subscales emerged with acceptable reliability. It was hypothesized that significant gender differences would be revealed, and this hypothesis was not supported. It was also hypothesized that patients would report higher levels of psychological distress and lower levels of social desirability than nonpatient controls, although this was not supported either. Patients did report higher distractibility than nonpatient controls, however. An age and geography confound, as well as a likely socioeconomic status confound, lead to great caution in drawing any conclusions about the validity or explanation of these differences. It was finally hypothesized that the Social Desirability subscale would correlate negatively with the Depression subscale, and this hypothesis was supported. In fact, the Depression subscale was found to correlate negatively with all of the remaining five scales. Significant correlations also were revealed between the Self Perception and Ideation subscales and between the Affect and Interpersonal Perception subscales. Despite the study's limitations, including between group confounds, design problems, and a low N, it is believed that a revised RSS could be successfully used to explore the issues intended for the present RSS.







Essentials of Rorschach Assessment


Book Description

Essentials of Rorschach Assessment provides an invaluable resource for clinicians, offering the only step-by-step guidance toward all aspects of the Rorschach Comprehensive System and Rorschach Performance Assessment System (R-PAS). Beginning with an overview of the tests' history and development, the discussion delves into each test separately before placing the two side by side for direct comparison of administration, coding, and interpretation. The same case study is used for both tests, providing a start-to-finish example of how the Comprehensive System and R-PAS differ, and practical resources including checklists, charts, and sample forms help ease implementation, use, and transition. Thorough explanations break down the jargon and technical language to give clinicians a clearer understanding of both tests without sacrificing precision or depth of information, providing a quick and easy reference for Rorschach personality assessment.




The Rorschach, Advanced Interpretation


Book Description

The fully revised and expanded edition of the premier guidebook toInterpreting the Rorschach For the last three decades, Dr. John Exner's Comprehensive Systemhas been the leading approach worldwide to administering andinterpreting the Rorschach Inkblot Test. Comprised of threevolumes, The Rorschach(r): A Comprehensive System is theauthoritative reference for the administration, scoring, andinterpretation of the Rorschach. This Third Edition of Volume Two:Advanced Interpretation, with new and updated information and casestudies, provides an essential companion to the basic foundationsand principles outlined in Volume One: Basic Foundations andPrinciples of Interpretation. New to this edition: * All-new case studies describing accurate use of the Rorschach inthe assessment of children, adolescents, and adults in a variety ofclinical and forensic settings * New research developments * New additions to Exner's Comprehensive System * Expanded reference data, including nonpatient data * Expanded coverage of the cluster approach to organizing data forinterpretation The leading guide to the study and implementation of the Rorschachfor more than three decades, this latest volume from John Exner andPhilip Erdberg is must-reading for any serious scholar or user ofthe Rorschach.




The Rorschach, Advanced Interpretation


Book Description

The fully revised and expanded edition of the premier guidebook to Interpreting the Rorschach For the last three decades, Dr. John Exner's Comprehensive System has been the leading approach worldwide to administering and interpreting the Rorschach Inkblot Test. Comprised of three volumes, The Rorschach(r): A Comprehensive System is the authoritative reference for the administration, scoring, and interpretation of the Rorschach. This Third Edition of Volume Two: Advanced Interpretation, with new and updated information and case studies, provides an essential companion to the basic foundations and principles outlined in Volume One: Basic Foundations and Principles of Interpretation. New to this edition: * All-new case studies describing accurate use of the Rorschach in the assessment of children, adolescents, and adults in a variety of clinical and forensic settings * New research developments * New additions to Exner's Comprehensive System * Expanded reference data, including nonpatient data * Expanded coverage of the cluster approach to organizing data for interpretation The leading guide to the study and implementation of the Rorschach for more than three decades, this latest volume from John Exner and Philip Erdberg is must-reading for any serious scholar or user of the Rorschach.




Comparing Exner's Comprehensive System and the Rorschach Performance Assessment System


Book Description

The Rorschach Inkblot Test is a complex psychological assessment instrument that came into existence nearly a century ago. Since its inception in 1921, the test has been through numerous phases of development, scrutiny, and praise. The Comprehensive System (Exner, 2003) became the primary scoring and interpretive system to be used since the 1970s, and established itself as the dominant Rorschach system within the field of psychological assessment. The Rorschach Performance Assessment System (Meyer, Viglione, Mihura, Erard, & Erdberg, 2011) was formed, in part, to address growing concerns about the Rorschach's scientific validity within the field of psychology and to build off of proposed limitations within the Comprehensive System. The author of this text explores the validity, reliability, and controversial issues of both systems, and what each could mean for the ongoing usage, development, and pedagogy of the Rorschach Inkblot Test.




The Rorschach Technique


Book Description

Written by three leading experts in Rorschach content analysis, this practical volume presents the Rorschach as it is frequently used by experienced psychologists. It covers both traditional and alternative approaches to interpretation, providing a thorough exposition of the perceptual and content roles of the Rorschach in assessment and treatment. The book breaks new ground in several ways. The authors have focused on creating a work that is clinically relevant and useful. To that end, perceptual scoring and tabulation have been simplified in order to make the presentation more understandable. Pathological verbalizations and content analysis are covered in depth. An extensive discussion shows how the Rorschach and other projective techniques can be used not only for assessment, but as tools in the psycho-therapeutic endeavor. Coverage of the Consensus Rorschach explains its use with more than one subject - a technique that is particularly useful in marriage and family counseling. Finally, the book includes extensive case material and verbatim protocols that show the reader how to use the methods of interpretation presented. The authors begin with a brief history and review of the current status of inkblot techniques, followed by a discussion of traditional administrative techniques and what is known about blot stimulus characteristics. Traditional scoring and interpretation are presented, including the simple content categories, tabulation, and traditional perceptual interpretation. The section ends with a brief summary on normative data and a chapter covering the scoring of pathological verbalizations. The second half of the book presents the "content-idiographic" approach toRorschach interpretation. The theoretical underpinnings of content interpretation in general and idiographic content interpretation in particular are introduced, and the weaknesses and problems in this approach are explored. This section includes detailed coverage of content sequence analysis and content-oriented methods of administration, with particular reference to the Content Rorschach Technique developed by the authors. The Consensus Rorschach Technique is also described, and there is a discussion (with case studies) of how clinicians can integrate the Rorschach and other projective techniques into their psychotherapeutic work. The book ends with three complete protocols, offering additional insight into both traditional and content techniques.




Issues and Methods in Rorschach Research


Book Description

Any research that involves the use of the Rorschach or focuses on the nature of the Rorschach must be framed in the context of the basic principles that mark any scientific investigation. However, most texts concerning research design or data analysis do not deal directly with many of the unusual issues that confront investigators who use the Rorschach in their research. The nature of the test and test procedures are somewhat different than for most psychological tests, and, often, these special characteristics become critical when research designs are formulated. Similarly, some of the data of the tests are quite different from the customary distributions yielded by other psychological tests. Thus special care must be exercised when considering the variety of tactics that might might be used in analyzing the test data. This text is unique in that it is specific to the Rorschach. Bringing together experts on Rorschach research, this volume presents in-depth treatments of every facet of methodology -- from design to analysis -- as well as more conceptual issues. It is designed to aid investigators in contending effectively with the many difficult challenges that are often encountered in Rorschach research. This work adds to the information already available to the accomplished researcher as well as provide some enlightenment for the Rorschach research novice. It dispels the notion that rote methodology or analyses can be applied routinely to studies involving the Rorschach. And it helps to improve the quality of investigations in which the test is included, and contribute in some way to the improvement of the overall research yield in the Rorschach community.