A Grammar of the Motu Language of Papua


Book Description

Excerpt from A Grammar of the Motu Language of Papua: By R. Lister-Turner and J. B. Clark, Edited by Percy Chatterton The Motu language is spoken by the Motu tribe, living along the coast from Manuinanu to Gabagaba (Kapakapa) in the Central Division of Papua. It is also widely used, in a "pidgin" form known as "Police Motu," as a lingua franca among natives of other tribes. There are considerable local differences in vocabulary and pronunciation, but the speech of the people of Poreporena, in Port Moresby Harbour, may be taken as the normal. Motu was reduced to written form, and the foundations of its study laid, by Dr. W. G. Lawes, during the last quarter of the nineteenth century; and the "Third and Enlarged Edition" of his "Grammar and Vocabulary" was published in the last decade of that century. During the first quarter of the present century our knowledge of Motu was greatly increased as a result of the labours of Revs. R. Lister-Turner and J. B. Clark, and their "Revised Motu Grammar and Vocabulary," while based on Dr. Lawes' Grammar, is very much more than a new edition of that book. The "Revised Motu Grammar and Vocabulary" has now been out of print for some years, and, in reprinting it, it has been decided to issue it in two parts, of which this "Grammar" is the first. The task of the present editor has been to rearrange Messrs. Turner and Clark's material in order to make the book more helpful to the beginner, without, it is hoped, detracting from its value to the advanced student and the philologist. A few changes have been made in the grammatical nomenclature; and a preliminary chapter on grammatical terms has been written to help those whose knowledge of English Grammar is rusty. Beginners are advised thoroughly to assimilate those parts of the Grammar printed in large type before proceeding to the study of the matter in small type. Two Dictionaries will be available for use in conjunction with this Grammar. The larger will be a reprint, with a few additions, of the very comprehensive vocabulary which formed the second part of Messrs. Turner and Clark's book. The second and smaller, entitled "A Basic Motu Dictionary," comprises a specially selected vocabulary of approximately 1,000 common words, for the use of beginners. In conclusion, I should like to express my appreciation of the enterprise of the Education Department of the Papua-New Guinea Administration, which has made possible the publication of these books. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.




A Grammar of the Motu Language of Papua


Book Description

Excerpt from A Grammar of the Motu Language of Papua: By R. Lister-Turner and J. B. Clark, Edited by Percy Chatterton The Motu language is spoken by the Motu tribe, living along the coast from Manuinanu to Gabagaba (Kapakapa) in the Central Division of Papua. It is also widely used, in a "pidgin" form known as "Police Motu," as a lingua franca among natives of other tribes. There are considerable local differences in vocabulary and pronunciation, but the speech of the people of Poreporena, in Port Moresby Harbour, may be taken as the normal. Motu was reduced to written form, and the foundations of its study laid, by Dr. W. G. Lawes, during the last quarter of the nineteenth century; and the "Third and Enlarged Edition" of his "Grammar and Vocabulary" was published in the last decade of that century. During the first quarter of the present century our knowledge of Motu was greatly increased as a result of the labours of Revs. R. Lister-Turner and J. B. Clark, and their "Revised Motu Grammar and Vocabulary," while based on Dr. Lawes' Grammar, is very much more than a new edition of that book. The "Revised Motu Grammar and Vocabulary" has now been out of print for some years, and, in reprinting it, it has been decided to issue it in two parts, of which this "Grammar" is the first. The task of the present editor has been to rearrange Messrs. Turner and Clark's material in order to make the book more helpful to the beginner, without, it is hoped, detracting from its value to the advanced student and the philologist. A few changes have been made in the grammatical nomenclature; and a preliminary chapter on grammatical terms has been written to help those whose knowledge of English Grammar is rusty. Beginners are advised thoroughly to assimilate those parts of the Grammar printed in large type before proceeding to the study of the matter in small type. Two Dictionaries will be available for use in conjunction with this Grammar. The larger will be a reprint, with a few additions, of the very comprehensive vocabulary which formed the second part of Messrs. Turner and Clark's book. The second and smaller, entitled "A Basic Motu Dictionary," comprises a specially selected vocabulary of approximately 1,000 common words, for the use of beginners. In conclusion, I should like to express my appreciation of the enterprise of the Education Department of the Papua-New Guinea Administration, which has made possible the publication of these books. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.




The Evolution of Grammar


Book Description

Joan Bybee and her colleagues present a new theory of the evolution of grammar that links structure and meaning in a way that directly challenges most contemporary versions of generative grammar. This study focuses on the use and meaning of grammatical markers of tense, aspect, and modality and identifies a universal set of grammatical categories. The authors demonstrate that the semantic content of these categories evolves gradually and that this process of evolution is strikingly similar across unrelated languages. Through a survey of seventy-six languages in twenty-five different phyla, the authors show that the same paths of change occur universally and that movement along these paths is in one direction only. This analysis reveals that lexical substance evolves into grammatical substance through various mechanisms of change, such as metaphorical extension and the conventionalization of implicature. Grammaticization is always accompanied by an increase in frequency of the grammatical marker, providing clear evidence that language use is a major factor in the evolution of synchronic language states. The Evolution of Grammar has important implications for the development of language and for the study of cognitive processes in general.




Comparative Austronesian Dictionary


Book Description

Volumes in the Trends in Linguistics. Documentation series focus on the presentation of linguistic data. The series addresses the sustained interest in linguistic descriptions, dictionaries, grammars and editions of under-described and hitherto undocumented languages. All world-regions and time periods are represented.




The Oceanic Languages


Book Description

The volume contains five background chapters: The Oceanic Languages, Sociolinguistic Background, Typological Overview, Proto-Oceanic and Internal Subgrouping. Part of 2 vol set. Author Ross from ANU.







Approaches to Grammaticalization


Book Description

The study of grammaticalization raises a number of fundamental theoretical issues pertaining to the relation of langue and parole, creativity and automatic coding, synchrony and diachrony, categoriality and continua, typological characteristics and language-specific forms, etc., and therefore challenges some of the basic tenets of twentieth century linguistics.This two-volume work presents a number of diverse theoretical viewpoints on grammaticalization and gives insights into the genesis, development, and organization of grammatical categories in a number of language world-wide, with particular attention to morphosyntactic and semantic-pragmatic issues. The papers in Volume I are divided into two sections, the first concerned with general method, and the second with issues of directionality. Those in Volume II are divided into five sections: verbal structure, argument structure, subordination, modality, and multiple paths of grammaticalization.




Pacific Languages


Book Description

Almost one-quarter of the world's languages are (or were) spoken in the Pacific, making it linguistically the most complex region in the world. Although numerous technical books on groups of Pacific or Australian languages have been published, and descriptions of individual languages are available, until now there has been no single book that attempts a wide regional coverage for a general audience. Pacific Languages introduces readers to the grammatical features of Oceanic, Papuan, and Australian languages as well as to the semantic structures of these languages. For readers without a formal linguistic background, a brief introduction to descriptive linguistics is provided. In addition to describing the structure of Pacific languages, this volume places them in their historical and geographical context, discusses the linguistic evidence for the settlement of the Pacific, and speculates on the reason for the region's many languages. It devotes considerable attention to the effects of contact between speakers of different languages and to the development of pidgin and creole languages in the Pacific. Throughout, technical language is kept to a minimum without oversimplifying the concepts or the issues involved. A glossary of technical terms, maps, and diagrams help identify a language geographically or genetically; reading lists and a language index guide the researcher interested in a particular language or group to other sources of information. Here at last is a clear and straightforward overview of Pacific languages for linguists and anyone interested in the history of sociology of the Pacific.




Atlas of Languages of Intercultural Communication in the Pacific, Asia, and the Americas


Book Description

“An absolutely unique work in linguistics publishing – full of beautiful maps and authoritative accounts of well-known and little-known language encounters. Essential reading (and map-viewing) for students of language contact with a global perspective.” Prof. Dr. Martin Haspelmath, Max-Planck-Institut für Evolutionäre Anthropologie The two text volumes cover a large geographical area, including Australia, New Zealand, Melanesia, South -East Asia (Insular and Continental), Oceania, the Philippines, Taiwan, Korea, Mongolia, Central Asia, the Caucasus Area, Siberia, Arctic Areas, Canada, Northwest Coast and Alaska, United States Area, Mexico, Central America, and South America. The Atlas is a detailed, far-reaching handbook of fundamental importance, dealing with a large number of diverse fields of knowledge, with the reported facts based on sound scholarly research and scientific findings, but presented in a form intelligible to non-specialists and educated lay persons in general.




The Linguistics of Sitting, Standing and Lying


Book Description

This volume explores properties of ‘sit’, ‘stand’, and ‘lie’ verbs, reflecting three of the most salient postures associated with humans. An introductory chapter by the Editor provides an overview of directions for research into posture verbs. These directions are then explored in detail in a number of languages: Dutch; Korean; Japanese; Lao; Chantyal, Magar (Tibeto-Burman); Chipewyan (Athapaskan); Trumai (spoken in Brazil); Kxoe (Khoisan); Mbay (Nilo-Saharan); Oceanic; Enga, Ku Waru (Papuan); Arrernte, Pitjantjatjara, Ngan’gityemerri (Australian). The contributors discuss data relevant to many fields of linguistic inquiry, including patterns of lexicalization (e.g., simplex or complex verb forms), morphology (e.g., state vs. action formations), grammaticalization (e.g., extension to locational predicates, aspect markers, auxiliaries, copulas, classifiers), and figurative extension. A final chapter reports on an experimental methodology designed to establish the relevant cognitive parameters underlying speakers’ judgements on the polysemy of English stand. Taken together, the chapters provide a wealth of cross-linguistic data on posture verbs.