A Logic of Facts, Or, Every-day Reasoning
Author : George Jacob Holyoake
Publisher :
Page : 118 pages
File Size : 42,37 MB
Release : 1866
Category : Logic
ISBN :
A Logic of Facts; Or, Every-day Reasoning
Author : George Jacob Holyoake
Publisher : Good Press
Page : 109 pages
File Size : 24,68 MB
Release : 2019-12-03
Category : Fiction
ISBN :
Book Description
In 'A Logic of Facts; Or, Every-day Reasoning', George Jacob Holyoake addresses the need for practical reasoning in daily life, as opposed to the complex logic taught in schools. He argues that popular reasoning can only be corrected by making reasoning intelligible to the masses. Holyoake's work provides general rules and elementary remarks to help the uninitiated understand and apply logical thinking to their lives. He aims to help the illiterate and uneducated systematize their natural good sense and reduce it to rule and order, to give them power and develop their capacity.
Knowledge Representation and Metaphor
Author : E. Cornell Way
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 302 pages
File Size : 21,56 MB
Release : 2013-03-14
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9401579415
Book Description
This series will include monographs and collections of studies devoted to the investigation and exploration of knowledge, information, and data processing systems of all kinds, no matter whether human, (other) animal, or machine. Its scope is intended to span the full range of interests from classical problems in the philosophy of mind and philosophical psychol ogy through issues in cognitive psychology and sociobiology (concerning the mental capabilities of other species) to ideas related to artificial intelligence and computer science. While primary emphasis will be placed upon theoretical, conceptual, and epistemological aspects of these problems and domains, empirical, experimental, and methodological studies will also appear from time to time. The problems posed by metaphor and analogy are among the most challenging that confront the field of knowledge representation. In this study, Eileen Way has drawn upon the combined resources of philosophy, psychology, and computer science in developing a systematic and illuminating theoretical framework for understanding metaphors and analogies. While her work provides solutions to difficult problems of knowledge representation, it goes much further by investigating some of the most important philosophical assumptions that prevail within artificial intelligence today. By exposing the limitations inherent in the assumption that languages are both literal and truth-functional, she has advanced our grasp of the nature of language itself. J.R.F.
The Compact Compendium of Experimental Philosophy
Author : Alexander Max Bauer
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Page : 559 pages
File Size : 37,51 MB
Release : 2023-11-20
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 3110717026
Book Description
The relatively new movement of Experimental Philosophy applies different systematic experimental methods to further illuminate classical philosophical issues. This book brings together experts from the field to give the reader a compact yet extensive overview, offering a ready at hand introduction to the state of the art.
Autism and the Crisis of Meaning
Author : Alexander Durig
Publisher : State University of New York Press
Page : 332 pages
File Size : 11,60 MB
Release : 1996-02-01
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 143840168X
Book Description
Autism and the Crisis of Meaning presents a systematic way of understanding the logic of meaningful perception in everyday life. Working from concepts of formal logic and logical inference, the author suggests that informal logics of social inferencing may address part of the way we organize our perceptions in social life. By discussing the way our social inferencing reflects inductive, deductive, and abductive logics, the social inferencing theory of meaningful perception is shown to entail a theory of autistic perception. Durig shows that everyday meaningful perception may be organized largely by a balanced ratio of inductive to deductive logics, and that autistic perception is comprised of significantly higher levels of deductive social inferencing relative to inductive social inferencing. This perception theory is capable of addressing the five core behaviors associated with autism. By presenting meaningful perception and autistic perception in terms of ratios of social inferencing, Durig introduces a concept of slight autism: an individual may have normative inductive social inferencing, and super deductive social inferencing, thus accounting for a highly intelligent person who nevertheless has difficulty expressing themselves in formal social situations.
Critical Thinking and Epistemic Injustice
Author : Alessia Marabini
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 239 pages
File Size : 14,11 MB
Release : 2022-03-22
Category : Education
ISBN : 3030957144
Book Description
This book argues that the mainstream view and practice of critical thinking in education mirrors a reductive and reified conception of competences that ultimately leads to forms of epistemic injustice in assessment. It defends an alternative view of critical thinking as a competence that is normative in nature rather than reified and reductive. This book contends that critical thinking competence should be at the heart of learning how to learn, but that much depends on how we understand critical thinking. It defends an alternative view of critical thinking as a competence that is normative in nature rather than reified and reductive. The book draws from a conception of human reasoning and rationality that focuses on belief revision and is interwoven with a Bildung approach to teaching and learning: it emphasises the relevance of knowledge and experience in making inferences. The book is an enhanced, English version of the Italian monograph Epistemologia dell’Educazione: Pensiero Critico, Etica ed Epistemic Injustice.
Thought and Knowledge
Author : Diane F. Halpern
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 498 pages
File Size : 22,36 MB
Release : 2022-10-25
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 1000406288
Book Description
Thought and Knowledge applies theory and research from the learning sciences to teach students the critical thinking skills that they need to succeed in today’s world. The text identifies, defines, discusses, and deconstructs contemporary challenges to critical thinking, from fake news, alternative facts, and deep fakes, to misinformation, disinformation, post-truth, and more. It guides students through the explosion of content on the internet and social media and enables them to become careful and critical evaluators as well as consumers. The text is grounded in psychological science, especially the cognitive sciences, and brought to life through humorous and engaging language and numerous practical and real-world examples and anecdotes. This edition has been streamlined with thoughtful consideration over what content to keep, what to cut, and how much new and current research to add. Critical thinking skills are presented in every chapter, empowering students to learn more efficiently, research more productively, and present logical, critical, and informed arguments. The skills are reviewed at the end of the chapter, and a complete list of skills with definitions and examples are included in the appendix. The text is supported by a companion website that features a robust set of instructor and student resources: www.routledge.com/cw/halpern. Thought and Knowledge can be used as a core text in critical thinking courses offered in departments of psychology, philosophy, English, or across the humanities and social sciences, or as a supplement in any course where critical thinking is emphasized.
Restless Ideas
Author : Tony Simmons
Publisher : Fernwood Publishing
Page : 592 pages
File Size : 29,37 MB
Release : 2020-05-21T00:00:00Z
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 1773633236
Book Description
How do we make sense of the rise of political strongmen like Trump and Erdoğan, or the increase in hate crimes and terrorism? How can we understand Brexit and xenophobic, anti-immigrant sentiments and policies? More importantly, what can we do to make it all stop? In Restless Ideas, Tony Simmons illustrates how social theory provides us with the skills for more informed observation, analysis and empathic understanding of social behaviour and social interaction. Social theory deepens our understanding of the world around us by empowering us to become practical theorists in our own lives. Simmons traces the roots of contemporary social theory back to the works of the early structural functionalists, systems theorists, conflict theorists, symbolic interactionists, and ethnomethodologists, and incorporates contemporary social thinkers theorizing from the margins who are redefining the canon. Later chapters focus on the current influence of structuration theory, feminist and queer theory, Indigenous theory, third wave critical theory, postmodernism and poststructuralism, and liquid and late modernity theories and globalization theories.
Eros and Illness
Author : David B. Morris
Publisher : Harvard University Press
Page : 361 pages
File Size : 12,80 MB
Release : 2017-02-27
Category : Medical
ISBN : 0674977939
Book Description
Susan Sontag once described illness as “the night-side of life.” When we or our loved ones fall ill, our world is thrown into darkness and disarray, our routines are interrupted, our deepest beliefs shaken. The modern regime of hyper-logical biomedicine offers little solace when it comes to the effects of ill health on our inner lives. By exploring the role of desire in illness, Eros and Illness offers an alternative: an unconventional, deeply human exploration of what it means to live with, and live through, disease. When we face down illness, something beyond biomedicine’s extremely valuable advances in treatment and prevention is sorely needed. Desire in its many guises plays a crucial part in illness, David Morris shows. Emotions, dreams, and stories—even romance and eroticism—shape our experiences as patients and as caregivers. Our perception of the world we enter through illness—including too often a world of pain—is shaped by desire. Writing from his own heartbreaking experience as a caretaker for his wife, Morris relates how desire can worsen or, with care, mitigate the heavy weight of disease. He looks to myths, memoirs, paintings, performances, and narratives to understand how illness is intertwined with the things we value most dearly. Drawing on cultural resources from many centuries and media, Eros and Illness reaches out a hand to guide us through the long night of illness, showing us how to find productive desire where we expected only despair and defeat.
Exploring Topics in the History and Philosophy of Logic
Author : George Englebretsen
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Page : 198 pages
File Size : 37,24 MB
Release : 2015-09-14
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 3110435047
Book Description
While post-Fregean logicians tend to ignore or even denigrate the traditional logic of Aristotle and the Scholastics, new work in recent years has shown the viability of a renewed, extended, and strengthened logic of terms that shares fundamental features of the old syllogistic. A number of logicians, following the lead of Fred Sommers, have built just such a term logic. It is a system of formal logic that not only matches the expressive and inferential powers of today’s standard logic, but surpasses it and is far simpler and more natural. This book aims to substantiate this claim by exhibiting just how the term logic can shed need light on a variety of challenges that face any system of formal logic.
