A Many-Valued Approach to Deduction and Reasoning for Artificial Intelligence


Book Description

This book introduces an approach that can be used to ground a variety of intelligent systems, ranging from simple fact based systems to highly sophisticated reasoning systems. As the popularity of AI related fields has grown over the last decade, the number of persons interested in building intelligent systems has increased exponentially. Some of these people are highly skilled and experienced in the use of Al techniques, but many lack that kind of expertise. Much of the literature that might otherwise interest those in the latter category is not appreci ated by them because the material is too technical, often needlessly so. The so called logicists see logic as a primary tool and favor a formal approach to Al, whereas others are more content to rely on informal methods. This polarity has resulted in different styles of writing and reporting, and people entering the field from other disciplines often find themselves hard pressed to keep abreast of current differences in style. This book attempts to strike a balance between these approaches by covering points from both technical and nontechnical perspectives and by doing so in a way that is designed to hold the interest of readers of each persuasion. During recent years, a somewhat overwhelming number of books that present general overviews of Al related subjects have been placed on the market . These books serve an important function by providing researchers and others entering the field with progress reports and new developments.




Many-Valued Logics 2


Book Description

Many-valued logics are becoming increasingly important in all areas of computer science. This is the second volume of an authoritative two-volume handbook on many valued logics by two leading figures in the field. While the first volume was mainly concerned with theoretical foundations, this volume emphasizes automated reasoning, practical applications, and the latest developments in fuzzy logic and rough set theory. Among the applications presented are those in software specification and electronic circuit verification.




Tort Theory


Book Description







Automated Reasoning with Analytic Tableaux and Related Methods


Book Description

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Automated Reasoning with Analytic Tableaux and Related Methods, TABLEAUX 2007, held in Aix en Provence, France. It covers the wide range of logics, from intuitionistic and substructural logics to modal logics (including temporal and dynamic logics), from many-valued logics to nonmonotonic logics, and from classical first-order logic to description logics.




Artificial Intelligence and Symbolic Computation


Book Description

AISC 2004, the 7th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Symbolic Computation, was the latest in the series of specialized biennial conferences founded in 1992 by Jacques Calmet of the Universitat ̈ Karlsruhe and John Campbell of University College London with the initial title Artificial Intelligence and Symbolic Mathematical Computing (AISMC).The M disappeared from the title between the 1996 and 1998 conferences. As the editors of the AISC 1998 proceedings said, the organizers of the current meeting decided to drop the adjective 'mathematical' and to emphasize that the conference is concerned with all aspects of symbolic computation in AI: mathematical foundations, implementations, and applications, including applications in industry and academia. This remains the intended profile of the series, and will figure in the call for papers for AISC 2006,which is intended to take place in China. The distribution of papers in the present volume over all the areas of AISC happens to be rather noticeably mathematical, an effect that emerged because we were concerned to select the best relevant papers that were offered to us in 2004, irrespective of their particular topics; hence the title on the cover. Nevertheless, we encourage researchers over the entire spectrum of AISC, as expressed by the 1998 quotation above,to be in touch with us about their interests and the possibility of eventual submission of papers on their work for the next conference in the series. The papers in the present volume are evidence of the health of the field of AISC. Additionally, there are two reasons for optimism about the continuation of this situation.







The Many Valued and Nonmonotonic Turn in Logic


Book Description

The present volume of the Handbook of the History of Logic brings together two of the most important developments in 20th century non-classical logic. These are many-valuedness and non-monotonicity. On the one approach, in deference to vagueness, temporal or quantum indeterminacy or reference-failure, sentences that are classically non-bivalent are allowed as inputs and outputs to consequence relations. Many-valued, dialetheic, fuzzy and quantum logics are, among other things, principled attempts to regulate the flow-through of sentences that are neither true nor false. On the second, or non-monotonic, approach, constraints are placed on inputs (and sometimes on outputs) of a classical consequence relation, with a view to producing a notion of consequence that serves in a more realistic way the requirements of real-life inference. Many-valued logics produce an interesting problem. Non-bivalent inputs produce classically valid consequence statements, for any choice of outputs. A major task of many-valued logics of all stripes is to fashion an appropriately non-classical relation of consequence.The chief preoccupation of non-monotonic (and default) logicians is how to constrain inputs and outputs of the consequence relation. In what is called "left non-monotonicity, it is forbidden to add new sentences to the inputs of true consequence-statements. The restriction takes notice of the fact that new information will sometimes override an antecedently (and reasonably) derived consequence. In what is called "right non-monotonicity, limitations are imposed on outputs of the consequence relation. Most notably, perhaps, is the requirement that the rule of or-introduction not be given free sway on outputs. Also prominent is the effort of paraconsistent logicians, both preservationist and dialetheic, to limit the outputs of inconsistent inputs, which in classical contexts are wholly unconstrained.In some instances, our two themes coincide. Dialetheic logics are a case in point. Dialetheic logics allow certain selected sentences to have, as a third truth value, the classical values of truth and falsity together. So such logics also admit classically inconsistent inputs. A central task is to construct a right non-monotonic consequence relation that allows for these many-valued, and inconsistent, inputs.The Many Valued and Non-Monotonic Turn in Logic is an indispensable research tool for anyone interested in the development of logic, including researchers, graduate and senior undergraduate students in logic, history of logic, mathematics, history of mathematics, computer science, AI, linguistics, cognitive science, argumentation theory, and the history of ideas. - Detailed and comprehensive chapters covering the entire range of modal logic. - Contains the latest scholarly discoveries and interprative insights that answers many questions in the field of logic.




Quantified Representation of Uncertainty and Imprecision


Book Description

We are happy to present the first volume of the Handbook of Defeasible Reasoning and Uncertainty Management Systems. Uncertainty pervades the real world and must therefore be addressed by every system that attempts to represent reality. The representation of uncertainty is a ma jor concern of philosophers, logicians, artificial intelligence researchers and com puter sciencists, psychologists, statisticians, economists and engineers. The present Handbook volumes provide frontline coverage of this area. This Handbook was produced in the style of previous handbook series like the Handbook of Philosoph ical Logic, the Handbook of Logic in Computer Science, the Handbook of Logic in Artificial Intelligence and Logic Programming, and can be seen as a companion to them in covering the wide applications of logic and reasoning. We hope it will answer the needs for adequate representations of uncertainty. This Handbook series grew out of the ESPRIT Basic Research Project DRUMS II, where the acronym is made out of the Handbook series title. This project was financially supported by the European Union and regroups 20 major European research teams working in the general domain of uncertainty. As a fringe benefit of the DRUMS project, the research community was able to create this Hand book series, relying on the DRUMS participants as the core of the authors for the Handbook together with external international experts.




On the Move to Meaningful Internet Systems 2004: CoopIS, DOA, and ODBASE


Book Description

sers: GADA, MOIS, WOSE, and INTEROP. We trust that their audiences will mutually productively and happily mingle with those of the main conferences. A special mention for 2004 is in order for the new Doctoral Symposium Workshop where three young post-doc researchers organized an original set-up and formula to bring PhD students together and allow them to submit their research proposals for selection. A limited number of the submissions and their approaches will be independently evaluated by a panel of senior experts at the conference, and presented by the students in front of a wider audience. These students also got free access to all other parts of the OTM program, and only paid a heavily discounted fee for the Doctoral Symposium itself (in fact their attendance is largely sponsored by the other participants!). If evaluated as s- cessful, it is the intention of the General Chairs to expand this model in future editionsoftheOTMconferencesandsodrawinanaudienceofyoungresearchers to the OnTheMove forum. All three main conferences and the associated workshops share the dist- buted aspects of modern computing systems, and the resulting application-pull created by the Internet and the so-called Semantic Web.