An Annotated Catalog of the Type Material of Aphytis (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) in the Entomology Research Museum, University of California at Riverside


Book Description

The catalog provides information on the type of material of 75 valid species of the genus Aphytis Howard (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) in the collection of the Entomology Research Museum, University of California, Riverside. 7,390 specimens were remounted from Hoyer's medium into Canada balsam, including 309 primary types, 2,473 secondary types, and 4,608 non-type specimens. Lectotypes are designated for 11 species.







Species of Aphytis of the World


Book Description

The great importance of accurate systematics for biological control has been pointed out and discussed time and again by numerous authors (see Clausen, 1942; Sabrosky, 1955; Schlinger and Doutt, 1964; Compere, 1969; Rosen and De Bach, 1973; DeBach, 1974; Delucchi, Rosen and Schlinger, 1976; and others) and does not require any further elaboration here. Suffice it to say that when natural enemies are being sought, or are transferred from one region to another in order to bring about biological control of an arthropod pest, correct identification of both the target pests and their natural enemies is an essential prerequisite for ultimate success. Failure in biological control has often resulted from inadequate systematics. This monograph, presenting a bio­ systematic revision of an important group of natural enemies, is therefore intended as a contribution to biological control as well as to basic science. The species of the genus Aphytis Howard (Hymenoptera: Cha1cidoidea: Aphelinidae) are minute, yellow or grayish wasps usually not exceeding one millimeter in length (see Figure I). They develop exclusively as primary ectoparasites of armored scale insects (Homoptera: Coccoidea: Diaspididae) and are the most important natural enemies of these serious pests. Armored scale insects are usually free beneath the hard covering scale or shield. The adult Aphytis female pierces the shield with the ovipositor and lays one to several eggs on the body of the scale insect.




Species of Aphytis of the World


Book Description




Parasitoids in Pest Management


Book Description

Pests cause economic damage to crops and stored products, while vectors are responsible for the transmission of disease-causing agents in human beings and livestock. Although the application of synthetic pesticides in agriculture has given immediate relief, it has also caused well-known side effects, leading to a general consensus among entomologists and agriculturists to shift towards other ecofriendly pest management. Insect natural enemies consisting of predators, parasitoids, and pathogens have attracted the attention of scientists across the globe. These natural enemies exist in agroecosystems and suppress the populations of pests. Parasitoids are farmers’ friends and the most successful group of natural enemies. Highly specialised in their host choice, the female parasitoid searches for a suitable host to lay eggs and larvae in, on or near the hosts. Exploiting this potency of parasitoids may yield successful results in controlling notorious pests in an ecofriendly way. This book covers information on the important biocontrol agents effective in pest suppression. It starts with insect parasitic groups followed by specific groups of parasitoids. It is hoped that the book presents a comprehensive account of beneficial parasitoirds, and will be useful to undergraduate and postgraduate students of Entomology, Biological Control, Plant Protection, Agricultural Zoology, and Zoology, besides those involved in competitive examinations and policy planning. Features: Each chapter has been written by very experienced specialists Every chapter includes Learning Objectives and Points to Remember This book offers comprehensive knowledge of parasitoids and their application in pest management in a rational way




To Make a Spotless Orange


Book Description

To Make A Spotless Orange is the story of science with a mission: the use of organisms to attack pests. Few states showed very little interest after the first commercial pesticides appeared in the late nineteenth century. In california alone, entomologists persevered in developing both the theory and practice of biological control. These entomologists were neither environmentalists nor health crusaders, but scientist s who believed that their method would be the cheapest and most effective in the long run.