Accelerated Desensitization and Adaptive Attitudes Interventions and Test Gains with Academic Probation Students


Book Description

The study evaluates the test-gain benefits of an accelerated desensitization and adaptive attitudes intervention for test-anxious students. College students were screened for high test anxiety. Twenty anxious students, half of them on academic probation, were assigned to an Intervention or to a minimal treatment Control group. The Intervention was a desensitization protocol which included stretch-tense, deep breath, release-relax, and positive suggestion sequences to expedite anxiety reduction and also positive adaptive attitudes associated to each of eight learning, review, and testing scenes. The intervention was presented via a 31 minute recording, which students reviewed an average of two times. Test gains were calculated from final tests and final grades after the intervention, minus the midterm scores from before the intervention. The Intervention group attained significant test gains over the Controls, with considerably stronger gains among academic probation students as compared to students in good standing. Test gains correlated positively to anxiety-reduction benefits. Methodological limitations warrant some caution in interpreting the findings, although the strength of the attained benefits do suggest that the accelerated desensitization does improve test scores for struggling students with high test anxiety. The use of the recorded intervention is seen to vastly reduce the amount of training and the number of professional hours required for an anxiety-reduction program. It seems reasonable to recommended that college retention programs for probation students screen for test anxiety and intervene with highly test-anxious students. (Contains 1 figure and 2 tables.) [A summary of this research was presented at the Annual Meetings of the American School Counselor Association (Orlando, Florida, June 27, 2005) and the American Psychological Association (Washington, DC, August 20, 2005).].




Accelerated Desensitization with Adaptive Attitudes and Test Gains with 5th Graders


Book Description

The study evaluates an easily-administered test-anxiety reduction program. An entire fifth grade was screened, and 36 students identified as test-anxious were randomly assigned to an Intervention or a non-participant Control group. The intervention was an accelerated desensitization and adaptive attitudes (ADAA) treatment which involved stretch-tense, deep breath, release-relax and positive suggestion sequences to expedite anxiety reduction and also positive adaptive associations to each of eight learning, review, and testing scenes. The intervention was presented via a 31 minute recording, which students reviewed in five separate sessions over about half the school year. Test gains were calculated from the 2005 Tennessee Comprehensive Assessment tests (TCAPs) given after the intervention, adjusted for individual student 2004 TCAPs before the intervention. The Intervention group attained a significant seven percentile test gain over the Controls. The use of the recorded intervention is seen to vastly reduce the number of professional hours required for an anxiety-reduction program, and the program shows promise as a highly cost-effective means to benefit test-anxious students. (Contains 2 tables.).




Automated Anxiety Control Promotes Student Retention


Book Description

This study was undertaken to replicate prior findings in which a test-anxiety control training produced substantial test gains among students on academic probation. Twelve first semester students with marginal achievement were identified, screened for test anxiety, and found to have substantially higher anxiety than other students. Ten of the twelve students were highly anxious and comprise the study sample. Six were assigned to a treatment group and the remaining four served as controls. The treated students were instructed to review a pre-recorded test anxiety control training at least once, and all reported that they had done so. Four weeks later, at the end of the semester, the treated students scored six tenths of a letter grade above the control students. While the sample is small, the advantage of the treated group over the controls is similar to earlier findings and suggest consistent benefits for the automated anxiety control training. It is suggested that the training can boost highly anxious students into the passing range, and thereby improve student retention.




Fostering Healthy Mental, Emotional, and Behavioral Development in Children and Youth


Book Description

Healthy mental, emotional, and behavioral (MEB) development is a critical foundation for a productive adulthood. Much is known about strategies to support families and communities in strengthening the MEB development of children and youth, by promoting healthy development and also by preventing and mitigating disorder, so that young people reach adulthood ready to thrive and contribute to society. Over the last decade, a growing body of research has significantly strengthened understanding of healthy MEB development and the factors that influence it, as well as how it can be fostered. Yet, the United States has not taken full advantage of this growing knowledge base. Ten years later, the nation still is not effectively mitigating risks for poor MEB health outcomes; these risks remain prevalent, and available data show no significant reductions in their prevalence. Fostering Healthy Mental, Emotional, and Behavioral Development in Children and Youth: A National Agenda examines the gap between current research and achievable national goals for the next ten years. This report identifies the complexities of childhood influences and highlights the need for a tailored approach when implementing new policies and practices. This report provides a framework for a cohesive, multidisciplinary national approach to improving MEB health.




Experimental and Quasi-experimental Designs for Generalized Causal Inference


Book Description

Sections include: experiments and generalised causal inference; statistical conclusion validity and internal validity; construct validity and external validity; quasi-experimental designs that either lack a control group or lack pretest observations on the outcome; quasi-experimental designs that use both control groups and pretests; quasi-experiments: interrupted time-series designs; regresssion discontinuity designs; randomised experiments: rationale, designs, and conditions conducive to doing them; practical problems 1: ethics, participation recruitment and random assignment; practical problems 2: treatment implementation and attrition; generalised causal inference: a grounded theory; generalised causal inference: methods for single studies; generalised causal inference: methods for multiple studies; a critical assessment of our assumptions.




Parent Management Training


Book Description

Among evidence-based therapies for children and adolescents with oppositional, aggressive, and antisocial behavior, parent management training (PMT) is without peer; no other treatment for children has been as thoroughly investigated and as widely applied. Here, Alan E. Kazdin brings together the conceptual and empirical bases underlying PMT with discussions of background, principles, and concepts, supplemented with concrete examples of the ways therapists should interact with parents and children. The second half of the book is a PMT treatment manual. The manual details the particulars of the therapy: what is done to and by whom, what the therapist should say, and what to expect at each stage of treatment. It also contains handouts, charts, and aides for parents. A companion website (www.oup.com/us/pmt) provides additional resources for clinicians.




Promoting Psychological Resilience in the U.S. Military


Book Description

As U.S. service members deploy for extended periods on a repeated basis, their ability to cope with the stress of deployment may be challenged. Many programs are available to encourage and support psychological resilience among service members and families. However, little is known about these programs' effectiveness. This report reviews resilience literature and programs to identify evidence-informed factors for promoting resilience.







Counseling Criminal Justice Offenders


Book Description

Counseling Criminal Justice Offenders, Second Edition takes a practical view of offenders, their problems, and the difficulties counselors face working with them in criminal justice settings. Author Ruth E. Masters examines criminal justice counseling on an individual and group basis and in a variety of settings such as prisons, probation and parole agencies, diversion programs, group homes, halfway houses, prerelease facilities, and U.S. jails. The book also explores the many faces of offenders — young, old, male, female, and across many cultures. The Second Edition of Counseling Criminal Justice Offenders recognizes that individuals who counsel offenders in the criminal justice system often have not had the extensive training of a licensed psychologist and this text is designed to provide readers with an understanding of the counseling process. The book explores practical knowledge of legal principles, appropriate and effective counselor attitudes, and the past and present protocols of American corrections. Primarily designed for criminal justice students taking correctional counseling courses, Counseling Criminal Justice Offenders, Second Edition is also a vital resource for any Criminal Justice, Social Work, Psychology, or Counseling practitioner interfacing with offenders.




The Reference Manual of Pediatric Dentistry


Book Description

The Reference Manual of Pediatric Dentistry is intended to encourage a diverse audience to provide the highest possible level of care to children. This audience includes, but is not limited to: pediatric dentists, general dental practitioners and other dental specialists, physicians and other health care providers, government agencies and health care policy makers, individuals interested in the oral health of children.The Reference Manual of Pediatric Dentistry is divided into five sections: (1) definitions, (2) oral health policies, (3) recommendations, (4) endorsements, and (5) resources.