Adsorption of Reactive Red 158 Dye by Chemically Treated Cocos Nucifera L. Shell Powder


Book Description

The effective removal of dyes from aqueous waste is an important issue for many industrialized countries. The traditional treatment methods used to remove dyes from wastewater have certain disadvantages such as incomplete dye removal, high reagent and energy requirements, and the generation of toxic sludge or other waste products that require disposal. The search for alternative and innovative treatment techniques has focused attention on the use of biological materials for dye removal and recovery technologies. This brief summarizes the latest developments in this important field.




Biogas Production


Book Description

Biogas Production covers the most cutting-edge pretreatment processes being used and studied today for the production of biogas. As an increasingly important piece of the "energy pie," biogas and other biofuels are being used more and more around the world in every conceivable area of industry and could be a partial answer to the energy problem and the elimination of global warming. This book will highlight the recent advances in the pretreatment and value addition of lignocellulosic wastes (LCW) with the main focus on domestic and agro-industrial residues. Mechanical, physical, and biological treatment systems are brought into perspective. The main value-added products from lignocellulosic wastes are summarized in a manner that pinpoints the most recent trends and the future directions. Physico-chemical and biological treatment systems seem to be the most favored options while biofuels, biodegradable composites, and biosorbents production paint a bright picture of the current and future bio-based products. Engineered microbes seem to tackle the problem of bioconversion of substrates that are otherwise nonconvertible by conventional wild strains. Although the main challenge facing LCW utilization is the high costs involved in treatment and production processes, some recent affordable processes with promising results have been proposed. Future trends are being directed to nanobiotechnology and genetic engineering for improved processes and products.




The Chemical History of Color


Book Description

In this brief, Mary Virginia Orna details the history of color from the chemical point of view. Beginning with the first recorded uses of color and ending in the development of our modern chemical industry, this rich, yet concise exposition shows us how color pervades every aspect of our lives. Our consciousness, our perceptions, our useful appliances and tools, our playthings, our entertainment, our health, and our diagnostic apparatus – all involve color and are based in no small part on chemistry.




Activated Carbon Adsorption


Book Description

High surface area, a microporous structure, and a high degree of surface reactivity make activated carbons versatile adsorbents, particularly effective in the adsorption of organic and inorganic pollutants from aqueous solutions. Activated Carbon Adsorption introduces the parameters and mechanisms involved in the activated carbon adsorption




Cellulose


Book Description

Cellulose - Fundamental Aspects and Current Trends consists of 10 chapters written by international subject matter experts investigating the characteristics and current applications of this fascinating material. This book will help the reader to develop a deeper understanding about the concepts related to cellulose and the nanocellulose structure, modification, production, dissolution, and application. Biosynthesis mechanisms and medical applications of microbial cellulose are also discussed. This book will serve as the starting point for materials science researchers, engineers, and technologists from diverse backgrounds in physics, chemistry, biology, materials science, and engineering who want to know and better understand the unique characteristics of the most abundant biopolymer on earth.







Biosorption of Heavy Metals


Book Description

This state-of-the-art volume represents the first comprehensively written book which focuses on the new field of biosorption. This fascinating work conveys essential fundamental information and outlines the perspectives of biosorption. It summarizes the metal-sorbing properties of nonliving bacterial, fungal, and algal biomass, plus highlights relevant metal-binding mechanisms. This volume also discusses the aspects of obtaining and processing microbial biomass and metal-chelating chemicals into industrially applicable biosorbent products. Microbiologists, chemists, and engineers with an interest in new technological and scientific horizons will find this reference indispensable.




Photocatalytic Degradation of Dyes


Book Description

Photocatalytic Degradation of Dyes: Current Trends and Future Perspectives covers in detail current trends and future aspects on photocatalytic degradation of organic dyes using novel photocatalytic techniques such as metallic nanoparticles, heterogeneous and hybrid systems using visible light irradiation. It highlights the most recent scientific and technological achievements and importance of degradation of dyes in the textile effluent by simple environmental friendly approaches using eco-friendly catalysts. It is of assistance to everyone interested in bioremediation of effluents: professionals, consulting engineers, academicians, and research scholars as well. - Describes the basic photocatalytic techniques and their application in wastewater treatment - Covers the key reactive species accounting for the photodegradation of different dyes, providing helpful guidelines that could be applied to foster the development of efficient photodegradation systems - Includes Description of a wide variety of catalysts and their application in degradation of dyes in the effluent of variable matrices (such as textile effluent, pharmaceutical industry effluent, food industry effluent) - Presents the application of doped semiconductors in the degradation of dyes, hybrid systems and their importance in the dye degradation - Describes the biological synthesis of metallic nanostructures and their use in dye degradation using visible range of light irradiation - Discusses the mechanistic aspect of the dye degradation using photo catalysts




Biosorption


Book Description

Municipal and industrial wastewaters contain a wide spectrum of pollutants. Their effective removal presents a challenge for water treatment technology. Biosorption of nutrients and pollutants has been used in sewage treatment since the discovery of the activated sludge process. It is a passive uptake process by which pollutants are adsorbed on the surface of cell walls and/or dissolved in structures of microorganism cells that are present in sludge. Sorbed pollutants remain in the sludge and can be potentially released back into the environment depending on their condition and the reversibility of the pollutant-sludge interaction. An overview of typical biosorption applications for the removal of nutrients, organic pollutants, and metals in wastewater treatment is provided in different areas of their use for the protection of aquatic ecosystems and human health. This book will be of interest to operators of wastewater treatment plants and sludge treatment and disposal facilities as well as to researchers and university students in the field of environmental engineering.




Batch Adsorption Process of Metals and Anions for Remediation of Contaminated Water


Book Description

Adsorption is one of the method that is in use for remediation of contaminated water. The experimental factors affecting the batch mode of adsorption of various metals and inorganic anions are discussed in this book. The elemental contaminants have been categorized into four major categories i.e. major toxic elements; essential elements having toxicity on excessive exposure; miscellaneous elements having undetermined effects; non-toxic elements having trivial or unidentified significance. In addition, anions like nitrate, perchlorate and sulphate as water contaminants are considered. This unique volume fills a niche in the area of water treatment. Key Features: Provides practitioners with the background they need to understand and apply batch adsorption processes to the purification of water Describes the actions of adsorption capacity or percentage removal with respect to factors affecting the adsorption process Excellent source of information for those working in the industry for remediation of metals and anions Discusses the current era of Anthropocene which is highly dependent on the anthropogenic mineral sources for its sustenance