Organic Fluorine Chemistry


Book Description

The present book is essentially based on the lectures on the chemistry of organic compounds of fluorine that I gave in 1969 at Virginia Polytechnic Institute in Blacksburg, Virginia, as a graduate course. References to material published to the end of 1969 are included. The book is primarily meant to provide the background for such a course, and, at the same time, to be a brief survey of recent knowledge in, and an introduction to deeper study of, this area of chemistry, which has been treated in a number of com prehensive monographs. I would like to thank Professor S. C. Cohen, Syracuse University, for the compilation of the data on mass spectra and nuclear magnetic res onance spectra, and my son, Tomas Hudlicky, and my daughter, Eva Hudlickci, for their help with the indexes. MILOS HUDLICKY February 13, 1970 Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Blacksburg, Virginia vii Contents CHAPTER 1. Introduction ......................................................... 1 Development of Fluorine Chemistry ......................................... .




Fluorine in Organic Chemistry


Book Description

The introduction of carbon-fluorine bonds into organic compounds can profoundly influence their chemical and physical properties when compared to their non-fluorine-containing analogues, leading to a range of man-made materials with highly desirable properties. These molecules are of interest across the wide spectrum of industrial and academic organic chemistry, from pharmaceuticals, through fine and specialty chemicals to polymers. From Prozac to Teflon, many of the most important products of the chemical and life-science industries rely on organic fluorine chemistry for their useful properties. This book covers both the preparative methodologies and chemical properties of partially and highly fluorinated organic systems.




Organofluorine Chemistry


Book Description

During the past fifteen years commercial interest in compounds containing carbon fluorine bonds has burgeoned beyond all expectations, mainly owing to business opportunities arising from work on biologically active fluoroorganics-particularly agrochemicals, the relentless search for new markets for fluoropolymers and fluoro carbon fluids, developments in the field of medical diagnostics, and the drive to find replacements for ozone-depleting CFCs and Halon fire-extinguishing agents. Judging the situation to warrant the publication of a comprehensive collection of up-to-date reviews dealing with commercial organofluorine compounds within a single volume of manageable size (and hence reasonable cost), we were delighted to be invited by Plenum Publishing Corporation to produce a suitable book. In order to provide an authentic and wide-ranging account of current commercial applications of fluoroorganic materials, it clearly was necessary to assemble a sizeable team of knowledgeable contributing authors selected almost entirely from industry. Through their efforts we have been able to produce an almost complete coverage of the modem organofluorochemicals business in a manner designed to attract a reader ship ranging from experts in the field, through chemists and technologists currently unaware of the extent of industrial involvement with fluoroorganics, to students of applied chemistry. Promised chapters dedicated to perfluoroolefin oxides and 18F labeling of radiopharmaceuticals failed to materialize. This is somewhat unfortunate in view of our aim to achieve comprehensive coverage of the subject.




The Chemistry of Organic Sulfur Compounds


Book Description

The Chemistry of Organic Sulfur Compounds deals with the chemistry of organic sulfur compounds such as thiocyanates, 1-alkynyl thioethers, thiols, and olefins. Topics covered range from the mechanisms of Raney nickel desulfuration to olefin sulfide chemistry, desulfonylation reactions, and alkaline decomposition of aliphatic disulfides. The reaction of cyanide with cystine and cystine peptides is also discussed. This volume is comprised of 15 chapters and begins with an introduction to electron correlation and bond properties in some selected sulfur compounds including thionyl and sulfuryl fluoride. The following chapters explore the mechanisms of Raney nickel desulfuration; isomerization of organic thiocyanates; polyfluoroalkyl derivatives of sulfur; anionic oxidation of thiols and co-oxidation of thiols with olefins; and the chemistry of the 1,2-sithiole ring. Thiohydantoins, thiophosgene, and the alkaline decomposition of aliphatic disulfides are also considered. The final chapter is devoted to oxidation of disulfides, with special reference to cystine. This book will be a useful resource for organic chemists.




Fluorine Chemistry V5


Book Description

Fluorine Chemistry, Volume V focuses on the compositions, reactions, properties, and functions of fluorine compounds. The book first discusses the general chemistry of fluorine compounds and the physical chemistry of fluorocarbons. Vapor pressures; details of interaction of polyatomic molecules; coefficients and equations of state for gases; liquid compressibility; and compressibilities of liquid mixtures are discussed. The text looks at the radiochemistry and radiation chemistry of fluorine. Isotopes of fluorine; useful methods for producing F18 and F20; radiochemical properties and counting of F20; fluorine activities in nuclear reactors; and analytical determinations are described. The selection also provides numerical analysis and tabulated representations. The book also focuses on the industrial and utilitarian features of fluorine chemistry. Historical and economic factors; properties of fluorocarbons; refrigerants and propellants; gaseous dielectrics; fire extinguishing agents; and fluorocarbon surfactants are discussed. The text is a vital source of data for readers wanting to study fluorine compounds.




Fluoropolymer Additives


Book Description

In recent years, the applications of fluoropolymer additives have expanded significantly, with even the meaning of 'fluoropolymer additives' expanding from relatively the narrow definition of PTFE powder fillers to a wide variety of fluoropolymer elastomers, used as a processing aid for plastics processing such as extrusion, injection molding, and film blowing. The benefits of fluoropolymer additives used in plastics are the elimination of sharkskin defects, increases in process speed and output (up to 20%), the reduction of die build up, the reduction of gels and optical defects, etc. In addition, fluropolymer additives are being increasingly used in inks, lubricants, and coatings. For example, in the coating industry fluoropolymer additives can increase the life cycle of exterior coatings due to their excellent weatherability and subsequently increase the time between recoats. Engineers and scientist involved in polymer processing need practical information about these additives, their applications, and proper and safe handling. Until now much of this information has been difficult to obtain because of commercial secrecy. Existing books on polymer additives only include the briefest of coverage of fluoropolymer additives. In this first book on an additive group of growing importance, the authors review the commercial additives available on the market. The applications chapters provide readers with a step by step description of techniques to select and incorporate these additives in various products. UNIQUE FEATURES AND BENEFITS: Fluoropolymer additives are becoming more widely used with key applications including use as a polymer processing aid (increasing speed and reducing faults) and as an additive to lubricants, inks and coatings. This book is the only practical guide available to the selection and use of fluoropolymer additives, and will help readers to optimize existing fluoropolymer applications and implement new ones. Fluoropolymers are known as an area where detailed information is hard to come by. In this book two former DuPont employees provide a wide range of industry sectors with the essential practical information and data they need to realize the full benefits of fluoropolymer additives. Written for practicing engineers, Ebnesajjad and Morgan take a highly practical approach to the subject, based on real-world experience and case studies.




Fluorinated Coatings and Finishes Handbook


Book Description

Fluorinated Coatings and Finishes Handbook: The Definitive User's Guide, Second Edition, addresses important, frequently posed questions by end-user design engineers, coaters, and coatings suppliers on fluorinated coatings and finishes, thus enabling them to achieve superior product qualities and shorter product and process development times. The book provides broad coverage of these fluorinated polymer coatings, including the best known PTFE, polytetrafluoroethylene, first trademarked as Teflon® and ePTFE (GoreTex®). Their inherent qualities of low surface tension, non-stick, low friction, high melting point, and chemical inertness make fluoropolymer coatings widely desirable across thousands of industrial and consumer applications, but these properties also make it difficult to convert fluoropolymers to coatings that have sufficient adhesion to the substrate to be protected. In this book, readers learn how fluoropolymer coatings are used and made, about their pigments and fillers, binders, dispersion processes, additives, and solvents. The book includes substrate preparation, coating properties, baking and curing processes, performance tests, applications, and health and safety. - Provides a practical handbook that covers the theory and practice of fluorinated coatings, including the structure and properties of binders and how to get a non-stick coating to stick to the substrate - Covers liquid and power fluorocoatings, their applications methods, curing and baking processes, and their commercial end uses - Presents detailed discussions of testing methods related to fluorocoatings, common coating defects, how they form, how to eliminate them, and the health and safety aspects of using and applying fluorocoatings - Includes substrate preparation, coating properties, baking and curing processes, performance tests, applications, and health and safety




Fluoroelastomers Handbook


Book Description

This is a must-have reference for materials scientists and engineers in the automotive, aerospace, chemical, chemical process, and power generation industries. Fluoroelastomers are growing as products of choice for critical components such as O-rings, hoses and seals in hostile fluid and temperature conditions.




Fluoroplastics, Volume 1


Book Description

Fluoroplastics, Volume 1, compiles in one place a working knowledge of the polymer chemistry and physics of non-melt processible fluoropolymers with detailed descriptions of commercial processing methods, material properties, fabrication and handling information, technologies, and applications. Also, history, market statistics, and safety and recycling aspects are covered. Both volumes contain a large amount of specific property data which is useful for users to readily compare different materials and align material structure with end use applications.Volume 1 concentrates mostly on polytetrafluoroethylene and polychlorotrifluoroethylene and their processing techniques – which are essentially non-melt-processes – used across a broad range of industries including automotive, aerospace, electronic, food, beverage, oil/gas, and medical devices.Since the first edition was published many new technical developments and market changes have taken place and new grades of materials have entered the market. This new edition is a thoroughly updated and significantly expanded revision covering new technologies and applications, and addressing the changes that have taken place in the fluoropolymer markets.Fluoroplastics, Volume 1 is an all-encompassing handbook for non-melt processible fluoropolymers – a unique and invaluable reference for professionals in the fluoropolymer industry and fluoropolymer application industries. - Exceptionally broad and comprehensive coverage of non-melt processible fluoropolymers processing and applications. - Practical approach, written by long-standing authority in the fluoropolymers industry. - New technologies, materials and applications are included in the new edition.




Introduction to Fluoropolymers


Book Description

Introduction to Fluoropolymers demystifies fluoropolymers for a wide audience of designers, engineers, sales staff and managers. This important group of high-performance polymers has applications across a wide range of market sectors, including automotive, aerospace, medical devices, high performance apparel, oil & gas, renewable energy / solar photovoltaics, electronics / semiconductor, pharmaceuticals, and chemical processing. Dr. Ebnesajjad covers the history and applications of a wide variety of materials, including expanded polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinyl fluoride, vinylidene fluoride polymers and fluoroelastomers, just to name a few. Properties and applications are illustrated by real-world examples as diverse as waterproof clothing, vascular grafts and coatings for aircraft interiors. The different applications of fluoropolymers show the benefits of a group of materials that are highly water-repellant and flame-retardant, with unrivalled lubrication properties and a high level of biocompatibility. Health and safety and environmental aspects are also covered throughout the book. - Demystifies fluoropolymers for a broad audience of engineers in areas such as product design and manufacturing, as well as for non-engineers such as technical sales and management professionals - Explains the potential of fluoropolymers for a wide range of applications across sectors such as aerospace, energy and medical devices - Ideal for both recently qualified engineers and engineers with limited experience of fluoropolymers