Impact of Alternative Fuels and Emission Control Systems on Small Engines to Large Ocean Going Vessels


Book Description

Emissions from internal combustion engines (ICEs) pose a big problem to human health and the environment, but they are controllable. This dissertation investigated the emissions from ICEs for a range of applications and the feasibility of reducing their emissions with various cutting edge emissions control systems (ECS) and alternative fuels. This included light-duty vehicles, heavy-duty diesel engines, small off-road diesel engines (SORDEs) and ocean going vessels (OGVs). The control technologies included gasoline particulate filters (GPFs) and scrubbers, and the alternative fuels included various ethanol blends and dimethyl carbonate (DMC).




Alternative Fuels


Book Description

Written primarily for fleet management personnel with purchasing, maintenance, or operations responsibilities, Alternative Fuels: Emissions, Economics, and Performance provides essential information for those who are considering adding alternatively-fueled vehicles to their fleets. Readers will gain a solid understanding of the fundamentals of alternative fuels and the factors that need to be considered when evaluating their use. No prior knowledge of alternative fuels is necessary. Basic information on the various alternative fuels and objective data on the costs of converting, fueling, and operating alternatively-fueled vehicles is covered in this book. Fuel cost, performance, reliability, and availability are addressed. The book also discusses the 1990 amendments to the Clean Air Act and the 1992 Comprehensive National Energy Policy Act. A summary of Texas' state law, considered to be representative of state legislation on alternative fuels and a glossary of key terms, are also included. Eight chapters cover: Review of Engine Technology; Characteristics of Alternative Fuels; Conversion of Spark Ignition Engines; Conversion of Compression Ignition Engines; Refueling Facilities; Legislation and Policies; and Cost Considerations. The book is also an ideal introduction to the topic for legislators, administrators, educators, and anyone interested in learning more about alternate fuels.







Air Pollution and Alternative Fuels


Book Description




NOx Emission Control Technologies in Stationary and Automotive Internal Combustion Engines


Book Description

NOx Emission Control Technologies in Stationary and Automotive Internal Combustion Engines: Approaches Toward NOx Free Automobiles presents the fundamental theory of emission formation, particularly the oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and its chemical reactions and control techniques. The book provides a simplified framework for technical literature on NOx reduction strategies in IC engines, highlighting thermodynamics, combustion science, automotive emissions and environmental pollution control. Sections cover the toxicity and roots of emissions for both SI and CI engines and the formation of various emissions such as CO, SO2, HC, NOx, soot, and PM from internal combustion engines, along with various methods of NOx formation. Topics cover the combustion process, engine design parameters, and the application of exhaust gas recirculation for NOx reduction, making this book ideal for researchers and students in automotive, mechanical, mechatronics and chemical engineering students working in the field of emission control techniques. Covers advanced and recent technologies and emerging new trends in NOx reduction for emission control Highlights the effects of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) on engine performance parameters Discusses emission norms such as EURO VI and Bharat stage VI in reducing global air pollution due to engine emissions




Engine Emission Control Technologies


Book Description

"This new volume, Engine Emission Control Technologies, covers many important issues related to environmental emissions from SI and CI engines, their formation, and various pollution mitigation techniques. The book addresses aspects of improvements in engine modification, such as design modifications for enhanced performance, both with conventional fuels as well as with new and alternative fuels. It also explores some new combustion concepts that will help to pave the way for complying with new emission concepts. Alternative fuels are addressed in this volume to help mitigate harmful emissions, and alternative power sources for automobiles are also covered briefly to entirely switch over from fueled engines to electrics, including battery-powered electric vehicles and fuel cells. The authors explain the different technologies available to date to overcome the limitations of conventional prime movers (fueled by both fossil fuels and alternative fuels). Topics examined include: engine modifications needed to limit harmful emissions, the use of engine after-treatment devices to contain emissions, the development of new combustion concepts, adoption of alternative fuels in existing engines, switching over to electrics-advantages and limitations, specifications of highly marketed automobiles, and emission measurement methods. Written in clear language and with over 100 illustrations, this volume will be highly useful for both students, research scholars, faculty, engineers, and other industry professionals"--




Alternative Fuels


Book Description







Rethinking the Ozone Problem in Urban and Regional Air Pollution


Book Description

Despite more than 20 years of regulatory efforts, concern is widespread that ozone pollution in the lower atmosphere, or troposphere, threatens the health of humans, animals, and vegetation. This book discusses how scientific information can be used to develop more effective regulations to control ozone. Rethinking the Ozone Problem in Urban and Regional Air Pollution discusses: The latest data and analysis on how tropospheric ozone is formed. How well our measurement techniques are functioning. Deficiencies in efforts to date to control the problem. Approaches to reducing ozone precursor emissions that hold the most promise. What additional research is needed. With a wealth of technical information, the book discusses atmospheric chemistry, the role of oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in ozone formation, monitoring and modeling the formation and transport processes, and the potential contribution of alternative fuels to solving the tropospheric ozone problem. The committee discusses criteria for designing more effective ozone control efforts. Because of its direct bearing on decisions to be made under the Clean Air Act, this book should be of great interest to environmental advocates, industry, and the regulatory community as well as scientists, faculty, and students.