An Analysis of Non-Traditional Intelligence Surveillance and Reconnaissance (NTISR) for the Future of Naval Aviation


Book Description

TITLE: An analysis of Non-Traditional Intelligence Surveillance and Reconnaissance (NTISR) for the future of Naval Aviation. AUTHOR: Lieutenant Commander Christopher S. Hewlett, USN THESIS: Emerging small war environments and irregular warfare engagements have created a new requirement for military aviation intelligence asset utilization. Presently, minimal doctrine exists for integration of the vast majority of existing and emerging capabilities into the standard intelligence collection process. Despite the numerous technological advances, there is very little information in the joint arena discussing synchronization of developing sensor collection efforts. Current efforts have been successful because of effective coordination between operational units and intelligence elements through refined Tactics, Techniques and Procedures (TTPs). Additionally, with Non-Traditional Intelligence Surveillance and Reconnaissance (NTISR) capabilities, the lines of distinction between targeting and intelligence collection processes are blurring. The use of NTISR from various naval aircraft assets can greatly enhance the component commander's awareness of battle spaces, allowing more rapid response to enemy movements and intent. DISCUSSION: With increasing operations in the irregular, counterinsurgency and small war environments military asset utilization has reached its capacity. More non-traditional mission sets from aviation platforms should be exploited beyond their original conceptual design as a global enhancement to the military acting as an overall force multiplier. This mission shift will enhance and enable component warfare commanders to have greater situational awareness and efficiency employing forces. The ever-shifting battlefield environment requires more readily available ISR in order to match the fluid nature of the enemy. The use of NTISR resident with legacy naval aircraft assets will greatly enhance the theater commander's awareness.




Nontraditional Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (NTISR) - Making the Most of Airborne Assets - LANTIRN, FLIR Infrared, SAR Radar, ELINT, COMINT, Integration Issues, Cloud Computing


Book Description

This study uses nontraditional intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (NTISR), now known in tactics, techniques, and procedures as operations reconnaissance, as a case study to increase combat capability across multiple weapon systems within the Air Force. NTISR demonstrates how one capability can flex to bridge gaps across several doctrinal functions and mission sets. It also provides an argument for the development of future technologies within extant fiscal constraints, revealing a requirement to shift the acquisition weight of effort away from traditional niche assets to those that support true multirole capabilities.NTISR is priority number six on the Secretary of the Air Force's (SECAF) ISR review task list. The task list addresses the potential for tactical NTISR capabilities by each platform and includes other possibilities including capabilities not currently in production. While the office of primary responsibility (OPR) is Air Combat Command (ACC), this task supports several other major Air Force commands. The lead agency tasked to develop the NTISR road map is AF/A2 (USAF Deputy Chief of Staff for Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance), not AF/A3/5 (USAF Deputy Chief of Staff for Operations, Plans, and Requirements)-- or a combination of the two. Their challenge is to develop a road map that includes potential platform and sensor mixes, requirements for communication pathways, personnel training requirements, and a concept of operations (CONOPS) development. This enormous undertaking is of paramount importance if the Air Force is to truly fulfill its goal of becoming a more agile and responsive force, especially in these fiscally constrained times.Although NTISR is not a new concept to military operations, it formally evolved to fill an operational gap between the available and required ISR capability to hunt SCUDs in Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF). Because of the low-density/high-demand (LD/HD) nature of traditional ISR platforms, ad hoc means were implemented to provide a gap-fill capability. Various sensors on different aircraft were employed to hunt the mobile SCUDs, from electrooptical/infrared (EO/IR) targeting pods on fighter aircraft to ground moving target indicator (GMTI) and synthetic aperture radar (SAR) systems on the F-15E and B-1 bomber. SCUD hunting was a difficult mission and one that had limited success, but it did prove that traditional niche air assets could successfully flex to support NTISR roles.




A Tasking Construct for Non-traditional Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance


Book Description

"This paper focuses on development of a tasking construct to implement a non-traditional intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (NTISR) collection program at the Air and Space Operations Center (AOC) level. NTISR uses fielded sensors on theater strike aircraft to augment collection capability for intelligence requirements. Exponential increases in theater intelligence collection requirements have created shortfalls in the United States Air Force's ability to meet demand. Traditional intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR) platforms have performed exceptionally in Iraq and Afghanistan, but cannot fulfill all theater requirements. NTISR presents a possible solution to augment collection capacity and provide surge capability to theater commanders."--Abstract.




Non-Traditional Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance: A Challenge to USMC Fixed Wing Tactical Aircraft


Book Description

In combat operations during Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF) 05-07, 95% of the USMC fixed-wing tactical aircraft (FW TACAIR), FA-18 Hornets and AV-8B Harriers, sorties were dedicated to nontraditional intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (NTISR) missions. 1 Using FW TACAIR as reconnaissance and collection platforms appears from the outside to be a benign mission, easy to execute and to sustain in extended combat operations. In reality, NTISR missions are very difficult to execute properly and have had negative effects on FW TACAIR. The USMC must make fundamental changes to the way the NTISR mission is executed because a continued reliance on the FW TACAIR community, despite the benefits, will result in dilapidated airframes and poor combat support.




Nontraditional Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance


Book Description

"This paper uses nontraditional intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (NTISR), now known in tactics, techniques, and procedures as operations reconnaissance, as a case study to increase combat capability across multiple weapon systems within the Air Force. NTISR demonstrates how one capability can flex to bridge gaps across several doctrinal functions and mission sets. It also provides an argument for the development of future technologies within extant fiscal constraints, revealing a requirement to shift the acquisition weight of effort away from traditional niche assets to those that support true multirole capabilities."--Abstract.




NTISR


Book Description

"Though at a 60 year low in personnel strength, the Air Force plans to trade size for quality in an effort to become a more agile and responsive force. Part of this trade requires a migration from traditional niche platforms to ones that support multi-role capabilities. Fortunately, the Air Force has an excellent case study it can use to truly attain these goals: non-traditional intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance (NTISR). NTISR is a combat-proven capability that epitomizes agility and flexibility. In order to become more flexible and agile and migrate from niche to true multi-role capabilities, the Air Force must learn from and address these issues with NTISR . Despite its flaws, NTISR is an overlooked and frequently untapped capability that could change future operations across nearly every flying platform. As a case study, NTISR forces the Air Force to reevaluate its ability to prepare for the next conflict, especially considering the acquisition of new platforms and capabilities.."--Abstract.




Operations Research Applications for Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance


Book Description

The Defense Science Board (DSB) Advisory Group was asked to examine the use of operations research (OR) methods to support Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance (ISR) decision making within the DoD. The DSB was asked to survey the departments and agencies to determine how much OR is being performed; assess how the results of OR are being used in decision making; recommend a test cases(s) for using OR methodologies; and recommend steps DoD can take to institutionalize the use of OR in future DoD decision making. Illustrations.




C4ISR for Future Naval Strike Groups


Book Description

The Navy has put forth a new construct for its strike forces that enables more effective forward deterrence and rapid response. A key aspect of this construct is the need for flexible, adaptive command, control, communications, computers, intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (C4ISR) systems. To assist development of this capability, the Navy asked the NRC to examine C4ISR for carrier, expeditionary, and strike and missile defense strike groups, and for expeditionary strike forces. This report provides an assessment of C4ISR capabilities for each type of strike group; recommendations for C4ISR architecture for use in major combat operations; promising technology trends; and an examination of organizational improvements that can enable the recommended architecture.




Identification of Promising Naval Aviation Science and Technology Opportunities


Book Description

The Department of Defense is developing the means to transform the nation's armed forces to meet future military challenges. For the Navy and Marine Corps, this vision is encompassed in Naval Power 21. Many new war-fighting concepts will be needed to implement this vision, and the ONR has requested the NRC to identify new science and technology opportunities for new naval aviation capabilities to support those concepts. This report presents an assessment of what they imply for naval aviation, an analysis of some capabilities that, if developed, would make a significant contribution to realizing those concepts, and an identification of key technologies in which ONR could invest to achieve those capabilities. In particular, the report focuses on seven key capabilities: multispectral defense, unmanned air operations, hypersonic weapons delivery, fast-kill weapons, heavy-lift air transport, intelligent combat information management, and omniscient intelligence.




Impact of Satellite Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance (ISR) on Modern Naval Operations - Afloat Availability Providing Valuable Situational and Global Awareness to Naval Commanders


Book Description

The use of organic Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (ISR) assets is pervasive in historic and modern naval operations with platforms ranging from airborne, shipborne, subsurface, and organic ISR assets providing valuable situational awareness to naval commanders. The distinct difference between historic and modern carrier strike group deployments is the advent of satellite ISR. Satellite technological advancements give current naval commanders an unprecedented level of global awareness and connectivity; even in the current age of near-peer adversaries.The focus of this study is to determine if afloat availability of satellite ISR, a technology that is relatively new, fundamentally changed naval operations. The research will determine the standard ISR/operations relationship before afloat satellite ISR availability, what capabilities were available once promulgated to afloat units, and resulting naval doctrinal shifts. Once observed or obtained, a comparative analysis will occur to determine deltas in naval operations before and after the afloat ISR shift.This compilation also includes a reproduction of the 2019 Worldwide Threat Assessment of the U.S. Intelligence Community.1. Introduction * Literature Review: Why Autonomy and Artificial Intelligence? * Defining the Future Environment * Methodology * 2. Current Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Vulnerabilities * Autonomous Aircraft Untethered * Inherent Risks of Piloted Aircraft * Operational Benefits of Autonomous Aircraft * Human and AI Teaming * 3. Framing the Future Scenario * Multi-Domain Battle's Effect on Current UAVs * Multi-Domain Battle's Effect on Autonomous Aircraft * Multi-Domain Battle's Effect on Human/AI Teaming * 4. Recommendations and ConclusionCurrent naval operations rely heavily on space resources. A large majority of space resources are devoted to the ingestion of intelligence and intelligence related data. Assets organic to afloat units limited intelligence collection before the advent of satellite Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (ISR). These afloat units were augmented by intelligence centers ashore and through intelligence sharing efforts from allies. With the advent of technologies surrounding space exploration and exploitation, the U.S. Navy was beneficially positioned at the forefront of adjusting to new policy, threats and operational intelligence need. The Navy has a long history of utilizing adversaries' data to gain an edge in executing missions at sea. Throughout this history, much of the data collected was limited by the technology available. After World War II, advances in technology and the presentation of new adversaries, supercharged the organic ISR capability of units afloat. However, the technologies were limited to the organic capability of individual military platforms. Global tensions pushed for exploitation of the space domain which ignited the space race. Due to advances in the ability to reach this new domain, the issue of their application at the Department of Defense pushed the services, particularly the Navy, into technological revolutions and technological transitions to satisfy the demand.