Book Description

The program was directed at establishing the nature and extent of droplet/droplet interaction and the multicomponent nature of real fuels on the ignition and combustion characteristics of spray flames. A unique free-droplet combustion experiment provided the present investigation with a well-controlled simulation of spray combustion. Various theoretical models were used. Experimental observations indicate that ignition delay times increase sharply by about three-fold when droplet spacings are reduced to less than five droplet diameters. Results of theoretical predictions indicate that as droplet spacing is made smaller, the effect of droplet/droplet interaction on ignition delay becomes increasingly more pronounced for small droplets, low gas phase temperatures, and fuels of low volatility. Although this result suggests that ignition of heavy grades of alternative liquid fuels will be inhibited in dense sprays, other theoretical and experimental results indicate that the addition of a small quantity of a volatile component to a heavy fuel shortens ignition times substantially. Observed burning times show a gradual, but substantial, increase as a result of droplet/droplet interaction; as droplet spacing is decreased from 40 to 5 diameters, burning times increase by about 60%. A compilation of data for an extensive range of experimental parameters show universally that the amount by which droplet/droplet interaction increases burning times depends only on droplet spacing and not on the fuel type or the ambient conditions. Burning times of multicomponent fuel droplets are found to be weighted heavily toward the burning time for the least volatile component. Theoretical predictions demonstrate that this independence of burning times on the initial fuel mixture proportions can be ascribed to liquid phase mass diffusion limitations.