Social Science Research


Book Description

This book is designed to introduce doctoral and graduate students to the process of conducting scientific research in the social sciences, business, education, public health, and related disciplines. It is a one-stop, comprehensive, and compact source for foundational concepts in behavioral research, and can serve as a stand-alone text or as a supplement to research readings in any doctoral seminar or research methods class. This book is currently used as a research text at universities on six continents and will shortly be available in nine different languages.




Learning to Teach Physics


Book Description

Urban and rural high schools in the United States often struggle in regard to the staffing of their physics classrooms with qualified teachers. Some states have responded to this challenge with education policy as a means of addressing the critical shortages of physics teachers by permitting inservice teachers to attain physics certification through endorsement programs. Although research on alternative certification typically evaluates and compares diverse models, this study focuses on teachers' own perceptions of their experience in the aforementioned program, as well as their learning and development in and beyond preparation for physics endorsement. In this qualitative multiple case study, informed by social constructivist and feminist epistemological perspectives, the participants included teachers of various discipline specializations: mathematics, history, biology and Earth science. The study's design included purposeful sampling and three data collection methods: interview, a questionnaire, and classroom observations in regard to the teaching of physics. The teachers underwent a series of semi-structured interviews that focused on the examination of their experiences in context by inviting them to share personal and professional details about themselves, including their physics preparation, and their subsequent professional development and teaching experiences with respect to physics. The results with respect to the above noted indicate that all four of the teacher participants felt well prepared to teach physics. The curricular materials from the certification program offered teachers support in subject matter content knowledge and pedagogy, particularly during their first two years. In some cases, the participants' physics identity was both stable and enduring over time and context. This study finds that the participants' beliefs about the nature of physics (which encompass sources of knowledge or how physics knowledge is acquired), exerted a far greater influence on teacher practices than even the participants themselves recognized.







Knowledge In Motion


Book Description

Using an analysis of learning by a case study comparison of two undergraduate courses at a United States University, Nespor examines the way in which education and power merge in physics and management. Through this study of politics and practices of knowledge, he explains how students, once accepted on these courses, are facilitated on a path to power; physics and management being core disciplines in modern society. Taking strands from constructivist psychology, post-modern geography, actor-network theory and feminist sociology, this book develops a theoretical language for analysing the production and use of knowledge. He puts forward the idea that learning, usually viewed as a process of individual minds and groups in face-to-face interaction, is actually a process of activities organised across space and time and how organisations of space and time are produced in social practice.; Within this context educational courses are viewed as networks of a larger whole, and individual courses are points in the network which link a wider relationship by way of texts, tasks and social practices intersecting with them. The book shows how students enrolled on such courses automatically become part of a network of power and knowledge.




The Wisdom of Practice


Book Description

What do teachers need to know in order to teach well? How important is the depth and quality of teachers' content knowledge as a critical aspect of their ability to teach? How can teachers best be educated, and how can we assess their accomplishments as teachers? In what ways is the professional preparation of teachers comparable to the preparation of physicians and other members of learned professions? What kinds of educational research can provide deeper understanding of teaching, learning, and the reform of education? These are just some of the many questions answered in this landmark collection of Lee Shulman's best work. A pioneer in the field of teaching and teacher research, Shulman's work and thinking have long influenced teachers and researchers. But while Shulman is one of the most widely cited scholars in education, his writings have been scattered among a variety of books and journals—until now. The Wisdom of Practice at last makes Shulman's major works on K-12 education and teacher education available in one volume. His interests in teaching of all sorts—in K-12 schools, in teacher education, in graduate programs for educational researchers, in liberal education—have been diverse. The essays included touch on such wide-ranging topics as the psychology of school subjects, medical problem solving, teacher knowledge, performance assessment, teaching in higher education, the scholarship of teaching and learning, the characteristics and pedagogies of the professions, the role of cases in professional education and research, and the character of relevant and rigorous educational research.




Using Concept Mapping to Enhance High School Physics Instruction


Book Description

This study investigated the effects of using concept maps in the instruction of a high school physics class at a small classical Christian school. Eight students were the focus of the study on the level of understanding and long-term memory of physics concepts. The study also included student motivation, student engagement, as well as teacher attitude, motivation, preparation time and grading time. Students learned to identify concepts, hierarchically order concepts, and to relate the concepts to each other. The study was done comparing a two-week nontreatment unit on momentum to a two-week treatment unit on periodic motion and a two-week treatment unit on waves. In the treatment units, concept mapping was used interactively and cooperatively with the students in the classroom to show concepts and the relationships between the concepts. Various instruments were used including targeted assessments, student concept interviews, student surveys, colleague observations, and teacher observations were used for assessing the effects of concept mapping. The results of the study were mixed. Data indicated that concept mapping had a positive effect on the student level of understanding, student engagement and on teacher attitude and motivation. For long-term memory of concepts, the treatment unit on periodic motion was better than the nontreatment unit on momentum, but the treatment unit on waves was worse than the nontreatment unit. The effect on student motivation was neutral. The preparation and grading time took longer for the treatment unit, but the preparation was better. I look forward to incorporating concept mapping into my teaching style.