Methodologies for Metabolomics


Book Description

Metabolomics, the global characterisation of the small molecule complement involved in metabolism, has evolved into a powerful suite of approaches for understanding the global physiological and pathological processes occurring in biological organisms. The diversity of metabolites, the wide range of metabolic pathways and their divergent biological contexts require a range of methodological strategies and techniques. Methodologies for Metabolomics provides a comprehensive description of the newest methodological approaches in metabolomic research. The most important technologies used to identify and quantify metabolites, including nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry, are highlighted. The integration of these techniques with classical biological methods is also addressed. Furthermore, the book presents statistical and chemometric methods for evaluation of the resultant data. The broad spectrum of topics includes a vast variety of organisms, samples and diseases, ranging from in vivo metabolomics in humans and animals to in vitro analysis of tissue samples, cultured cells and biofluids.




Biomarkers in Liver Disease


Book Description

In the past decade there has been a major sea change in the way disease is diagnosed and investigated due to the advent of high throughput technologies, such as microarrays, lab on a chip, proteomics, genomics, lipomics, metabolomics etc. These advances have enabled the discovery of new and novel markers of disease relating to autoimmune disorders, cancers, endocrine diseases, genetic disorders, sensory damage, intestinal diseases etc. In many instances these developments have gone hand in hand with the discovery of biomarkers elucidated via traditional or conventional methods, such as histopathology or clinical biochemistry. Together with microprocessor-based data analysis, advanced statistics and bioinformatics these markers have been used to identify individuals with active disease or pathology as well as those who are refractory or have distinguishing pathologies. New analytical methods that have been used to identify markers of disease and is suggested that there may be as many as 40 different platforms. Unfortunately techniques and methods have not been readily transferable to other disease states and sometimes diagnosis still relies on single analytes rather than a cohort of markers. There is thus a demand for a comprehensive and focused evidenced-based text and scientific literature that addresses these issues. Hence the formulation of Biomarkers in Disease The series covers a wide number of areas including for example, nutrition, cancer, endocrinology, cardiology, addictions, immunology, birth defects, genetics, and so on. The chapters are written by national or international experts and specialists.




Metabonomics


Book Description

This volume on metabonomics provides detailed information on the procedures involved in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GS-MS), liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), and capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry (CE-MS). Chapters focus on technologies and chemometrics, generation of metabonomics data, extraction of meaningful information from data, drug development, toxicology, diagnostics, and describing metabonomics as an essential part of systems biology. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls.




Metabolic Profiling


Book Description

This volume explores the different approaches and techniques used by researchers to study the recent challenges and developments in metabolic profiling. This book is divided into IV parts. Part I contains chapters that highlight basic concepts, such as experimental design, data treatment, metabolite identification, and harmonization. Part II describes experimental protocols for both targeted and untargeted metabolomics covering the basic analytical technologies: LC-MS, GC-MS, NMR and CE-MS. In addition the protocols describe methods for the study of tissues, feces, blood and other types of biological samples as well as the application of chemical derivatization for GC-MS. Parts III and IV present the use of metabolomics in the study of food, plants and the life sciences, with examples from the quest for the discovery of disease biomarkers, physical exercise omics and metabolic profiling of food, fruit and wine. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and thorough, Metabolic Profiling: Methods and Protocols is a valuable resource for researchers who are interested in expanding their knowledge of this rapidly developing field.




The Exposome


Book Description

The Exposome: A New Paradigm for the Environment and Health, Second Edition, is a thoroughly expanded and updated edition of The Exposome: A Primer, the first book dedicated to the topic. This new release outlines the purpose and scope of this emerging field of study, its practical applications, and how it complements a broad range of disciplines. The book contains sections on -omics-based technologies, newer detection methods, managing and integrating exposome data (including maps, models, computation and systems biology), and more. Both students and scientists in toxicology, environmental health, epidemiology and public health will benefit from this rigorous, yet readable, overview. This updated edition includes a more in-depth examination of the exposome, including full references, further reading and thought questions.




Cancer Metabolomics


Book Description

Cancer metabolomics is a rapidly evolving field that aims for a comprehensive dissection of the metabolic phenotypes and functional network of metabolites in human cancers. State of the art metabolomics tools have been developed and applied to studying cancer metabolism and developing metabolic targets for improved diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutic treatment of human cancers. Chapters are written by subject experts in the field of cancer metabolomics with cross-disciplinary contributions. Coverage includes advanced metabolomics technologies and methodologies, including chemical isotope labelling liquid chromatography - mass spectrometry, capillary ion chromatography - mass spectrometry, 2-D gas chromatography – mass spectrometry, capillary electrophoresis – mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, shotgun lipidomics, tracer-based metabolomics, microbial metabolomics, mass spectrometry imaging for single cell metabolomics and functional metabolomics. In addition, the book highlights new discoveries in cancer metabolism such as hypoxia inducible factor pathway, isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 mutation and oncometabolites. Finally, contributors focus on the translational applications of metabolomics in human cancers such as glioma, head and neck cancer, and gastric cancer. This new volume will be a unique reference source for cancer researchers and promote applications of metabolomics in understanding cancer metabolism.




Capillary Electrophoresis–Mass Spectrometry for Metabolomics


Book Description

Capillary electrophoresis–mass spectrometry (CE-MS) has become a very useful analytical technique for the profiling of highly polar and charged metabolites in biological samples. In this book, the unique features of CE-MS for metabolomics studies are highlighted including CE separation modes, capillary coatings and practical aspects of CE-MS coupling alongside a comprehensive overview of recent technological developments and applications. CE-MS can be considered a relatively new technique in the field of metabolomics and it is therefore important to inform the scientific community about the possibilities of advanced CE-MS approaches for metabolomics studies. This book outlines the potential of this technique for researchers working in metabolomics, bioanalytics and biomarker analysis.




Natural Products Analysis


Book Description

This book highlights analytical chemistry instrumentation and practices applied to the analysis of natural products and their complex mixtures, describing techniques for isolating and characterizing natural products. • Applies analytical techniques to natural products research – an area of critical importance to drug discovery • Offers a one-stop shop for most analytical methods: x-ray diffraction, NMR analysis, mass spectrometry, and chemical genetics • Includes coverage of natural products basics and highlights antibacterial research, particularly important as efforts to combat drug resistance gain prominence • Covers instrumental techniques with enough detail for both current practitioners and beginning researchers




Metabolomics: From Fundamentals to Clinical Applications


Book Description

This book provides a comprehensive view of metabolomics, from the basic concepts, through sample preparation and analytical methodologies, to data interpretation and applications in medicine. It is the first volume to cover metabolomics clinical applications while also emphasizing analytical and statistical features. Moreover, future trends and perspectives in clinical metabolomics are also presented. For researches already experienced in metabolomics, the book will be useful as an updated definitive reference. For beginners in the field and graduate students, the book will provide detailed information about concepts and experimental aspects in metabolomics, as well as examples and perspectives of applications of this strategy to clinical questions.




Separation Techniques Applied to Omics Sciences


Book Description

This book covers liquid chromatography, gas chromatography and capillary electrophoresis, the three main separation techniques lately available, applied to key omic sciences, such as genomics, proteomics, metabolomics and foodomics. The fundamentals of each technique are not covered herein. Instead, the recent advances in such techniques are presented focusing on the application to omics analyses and unique aspects in each case. This volume intends to offer wide ranging options available to researchers on omics sciences, and how to integrate them in order to achieve the comprehension of a biological system as a whole. Omic sciences have been of ultimate importance to comprehend the complex biochemical reactions and related events that occurs upon a biological system. The classical central dogma of molecular biology, which states that genetic information flows unidirectionally from DNA to RNA and then to proteins, has been gradually replaced by the systems biology approach. This book presents a multidisciplinary approach that explains the biological system as a whole, where the entire organism is influenced by a variety of internal events as well as by the environment, showing that each level of the biological information flux may influence the previous or the subsequent one.