Author : Anjela Tinkova Tzontcheva
Publisher :
Page : 316 pages
File Size : 21,3 MB
Release : 2007
Category :
ISBN : 9780494280775
Book Description
In statistical analysis of time-to-event data, there are situations where the event of interest is only known to have occurred within an interval of time. Such data are considered interval-censored. In studying the human immunodeficiency (HIV) epidemic, interval-censored time-to-event data arise naturally, since the time an individual becomes HIV positive is not exactly known. In addition, individuals may undergo multiple tests before an event (HIV infection) is observed. When these tests are requested instead of pre-scheduled, their visit pattern may reflect individual risk behavior for which covariate information is not available. Therefore, the test visit times are said to be informative for the risk of HIV infection. Statistical methods that model the dependence between the event of interest and examination times are required for the analysis of such data. Farrington and Gay (1999, Statistics in Medicine 18: 1235-1248) analyzed interval-censored data with informative examination times using random effects which capture the correlation between individual's risk and visit rate. However, their proposed methodology is based on an approximation of the marginal log-likelihood and relies on large number of visits per individual. We developed a method for analyzing interval-censored time-to-event data with informative examination times, which addresses the limitations of the Farrington and Gay's method. Our method avoids the likelihood function approximation embedded in their method, thus leading to less biased parameter estimates and more accurate standard errors. Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm is used for parameter estimation. We employed multiple imputation of event times via Sampling/Importance Resampling method (Rubin, 1987, JASA 82). This reduced the likelihood of interval-censored time-to-event data to that of right-censored data. We evaluated the bias of parameter estimates of the proposed method and the accuracy of their standard by simulations. Under most simulation scenarios the new approach resulted in reduced bias compared to the Farrington and Gay's method. We applied the proposed method to the analysis of the Polaris HIV repeat testers data in Ontario.